Cardiovascular-renal-hepatic-metabolic (CRHM) syndrome is a complex and interrelated variety of diseases with common pathophysiological mechanisms. This interdisciplinary consensus document on CRHM syndrome provides a definition, diagnostic criteria, and describes its phenotypes and stages. Despite the growing prevalence of CRHM syndrome, unified strategies for patient management remain understudied. A paradigm shift in favor of CRHM syndrome makes it possible to withdraw from fragmented, organ-oriented management in favor of a more unified approach, facilitating collaboration between specialists and marking an advance in precision cardiometabolic medicine.

Cardiovascular-renal-hepatic-metabolic (CRHM) syndrome is a pressing healthcare problem. This interdisciplinary document outlines the key aspects and controversial points within the novel concept of CRHM syndrome — definition, diagnostic criteria, identification of its phenotypes and stages. The paper presents current ideas about the pathogenesis, course and management of CRHM syndrome, as well as the advantages of introducing a unified algorithm for managing such patients.

This article analyzes current understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and impact on prognosis of overweight in metabolic syndrome. It provides an overview of current diagnostic potential, non-drug and drug therapy for overweight, and the cardiovascular benefits of drugs used to reduce body weight.

This article analyzes current concepts of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and impact on the prognosis of hypertension in metabolic syndrome. An overview of current diagnostic potential, non-drug and drug therapy for hypertension, as well as the cardiovascular benefits of drugs used to treat hypertension in metabolic syndrome is provided.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a significant modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The article presents data on the relationships between MS in general and its individual components with CKD. The key pathogenetic mechanisms of CKD development in MS are considered, including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, neurohumoral activation, lipotoxicity. Diagnosis and treatment of CKD in patients with MS are discussed. Particular attention is paid to an integrated approach to the treatment of patients with CKD aimed at reducing the risk of CKD progression and cardiovascular events.

The article analyzes modern concepts of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and impact on the prognosis of prediabetes in metabolic syndrome. An overview of modern potential of non-drug and drug therapy for carbohydrate metabolism disorders in metabolic syndrome is provided, and management of other metabolic syndrome components in patients with prediabetes are analyzed.

The article analyzes modern concepts of the pathogenesis, diagnostics and impact on the prognosis of lipid metabolism disorders in metabolic syndrome. An overview of modern diagnostic potential, non-drug and drug therapy of lipid metabolism disorders in metabolic syndrome is given. Special attention is paid to metabolic effects of lipid-lowering therapy.

In recent years, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and obesity with the development of heart failure has been closely monitored. This article examines the pathophysiological mechanisms determining the various pathways of metabolic syndrome development, followed by subsequent formation of individual phenotypes of heart failure. Information is provided on clinical course of the combination of obesity and heart failure, as well as the difficulties and related decisions in the diagnosis of heart failure. In addition, the paper highlights data on the potential of guideline-directed medical therapy, including the role of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.

The article analyzes current concepts of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and impact on the prognosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in metabolic syndrome. An overview of current diagnostic potential, non-drug and drug therapy for MASLD is provided, as well as an overview of the impact of therapy for comorbidities on its course.

The article analyzes modern concepts of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and impact on the prognosis of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this category of patients is analyzed. An overview of modern potential of non-drug and drug therapy of metabolic syndrome is given, taking into account the requirements for the management of geriatric patients.