2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5168
Abstract
Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology.
(ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.
Keywords
guidelines,
heart failure,
natriuretic peptides,
ejection fraction,
diagnosis,
pharmacotherapy,
neuro-hormonal antagonists,
cardiac resynchronization therapy,
mechanical circulatory support,
transplantation,
arrhythmias,
comorbidities,
hospitalization,
multidisciplinary management,
advanced heart failure,
acute heart failure
About the Authors
Th. McDonagh
King’s College Hospital
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Theresa McDonagh, Cardiology Department,
Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS
M. Metra
University of Brescia
Italy
Italy
Marco Metra, Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health,
Brescia
Review
For citations:
McDonagh T., Metra M. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2023;28(1):5168. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5168
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