ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ СОЛИ. СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТАЯ СИСТЕМА КАК ОРГАН-МИШЕНЬ. ЧАСТЬ III
Аннотация
Статья посвящена проблеме оценки влияния потребления соли на сердечно-сосудистую систему в клинической практике. Рассмотрены терапевтические возможности регрессии структурных сердечно-сосудистых изменений при снижении потребления поваренной соли. Установлено, что повседневное использование обычных, а тем более повышенных объемов соли приводит к комплексному нарушению макро- и микроархитектуры всех компонентов сердечно-сосудистой системы (камер сердца, сосудов артериального и венозного русла, сосудов микроциркуляции) у лиц как с повышенным, так и с нормальным артериальным давлением. Эти влияния опосредуются как гемодинамическим, так и негемодинамическим путем и проявляются даже в отсутствии повышенного артериального давления. Показано, что уменьшение потребления соли приводит к регрессии измененной архитектоники сердца и сосудов.
Ключевые слова
Об авторе
Н. Г. ПотешкинаРоссия
д. м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой
Список литературы
1. Lloyd-Jones D. M., Hong Y., Labarthe D. et al. AHA Special Report. Defining and Setting National Goals for Cardiovascular Health Promotion and Disease Reduction. The American Heart Association’s Strategic Impact Goal Through 2020 and Beyond. Circulation. 2010; 121:586–613.
2. Appel L. J., Frohlich E. D. et al. The Importance of Population-Wide Sodium Reduction as a Means to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke. A Call to Action From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011; 123:1138–43.
3. Devereux R. B., Wachtell K., Gerdts E., et al. Prognostic significance of left ventricular mass change during treatment of hypertension. JAMA 2004; 17:2350–6.
4. Schillaci G., Verdecchia P. Porcellati C. et al. Continuous Relation Between Left Ventricular Mass and Cardiovascular Risk in Essential Hypertension. Hypertension. 2000; 35:580–6.
5. Hammond IW, Devereux RB, Alderman MH et al. The prevalence and correlates of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy among employed patients with uncomplicated hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1986; 7:639–50.
6. Mancia G., Carugo S., Grassi G.et al. Prevalence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients Without and With Blood Pressure Control. Data From the PAMELA Population. Hypertension. 2002; 39:744–9.
7. Dahlöf B., Devereux R. B.; Julius S.; et al.; for the LIFE Study Group. Hypertension. 1998; 32:989–97.
8. Burnier M., Phan O., Wang Q. High salt intake: a cause of blood pressure-independent left ventricular hypertrophy? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2007; 22 (9):2426–9.
9. Schmieder R. E. The role of non-haemodynamic factors of the genesis of LVH. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2005; 20 (12): 2610–2.
10. Frohlich E. D. Left ventricular hypertrophy: a “factor of risk”. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004; 43:2216–8.
11. Schmieder R. E., Martus P., Klingbeil A. Reversal of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Essential Hypertension: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Double-blind Studies. JAMA, 1996; May 15, 275 (19):1507–13.
12. Messerli F. H., Schmieder R. E., Weir M. R. Salt: A Perpetrator of Hypertensive Target Organ Disease? Arch Intern Med, November 24, 1997; 157 (21): 2449–52.
13. Frohlich E. D. Risk Mechanisms in Hypertensive Heart Disease. Hypertension. 1999;34:782–9.
14. Takeda Y., Yoneda T., Demura M., et al. Sodium-induced cardiac aldosterone synthesis causes cardiac hypertrophy. Endocrinology 2000; 141:1901–4.
15. Frey N., Katus H. A., Olson E. N., et al. Hypertrophy of the heart: a new therapeutic target? Circulation. 2004; 109:1580–9.
16. Re R. N. Intracellular Renin and the Nature of Intracrine Enzymes. Hypertension. 2003; 42:117–22.
17. Kotchen T. A. Sodium Chloride and Aldosterone: Harbingers of Hypertension-Related Cardiovascular Disease. Hypertension, 2009; September 1, 54 (3):449–50.
18. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group: Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. BMJ 1988; 297:319–28.
19. Meneton P., Jeunemaitre X., de Wardener Hugh E., et al. Links Between Dietary Salt Intake, Renal Salt Handling, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Physiol. Rev. 2005; 85:679–715.
20. Yu H. C., Burrell L. M., Black M. J. et al. Salt induces myocardial and renal fibrosis in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Circulation 1998; 98:2621–8.
21. Corcoran A. C., Taylor R. D., Page I. H. Controlled Observations on the Effect of Low Sodium Dietotherapy in Essential Hypertension. Circulation 1951; 3:1–16.
22. Schmieder R. E., Messerli F. H., Garavaglia G. E., et al. Dietary salt intake. A determinant of cardiac involvement in essential hypertension. Circulation. 1988; 78: 951–6.
23. Liebson P. R., Grandits G., Prineas R., at al. Echocardiographic correlates of left ventricular structure among 844 mildly hypertensive men and women in the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS). Circulation 1993; 87:476–86.
24. Kupari M., Koskinen P., Virolainen J. Correlates of left ventricular mass in a population sample aged 36 to 37 years. Focus on lifestyle and salt intake. Circulation 1994; 89: 1041–50.
25. Jin Y., Kuznetsova T., Maillard M., et al. Independent Relations of Left Ventricular Structure With the 24-Hour Urinary Excretion of Sodium and Aldosterone. Hypertension, September 1, 2009; 54 (3): 489–95.
26. Liebson P. R., Grandits G. A., Dianzumba S., et al. Comparison of Five Antihypertensive Monotherapies and Placebo for Change in Left Ventricular Mass in Patients Receiving Nutritional-Hygienic Therapy in the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS). Circulation 1995; February 1, 91 (3): 698–706.
27. Jula M., Karanko H. M. Effects on left ventricular hypertrophy of long-term nonpharmacological treatment with sodium restriction in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Circulation 1994; 89:1023–31.
28. Safar M. E., Temmar M. Kakou A. et al. Sodium Intake and Vascular Stiffness in Hypertension. Hypertension. 2009; 54: 203–9.
29. Adrogue H. J., Madias N. E. Sodium and potassium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356:1966–78.
30. 3. Avolio A. P., Deng F. Q., Li W.Q, et al. Effects of aging on arterial distensibility in populations with high and low prevalence of hypertension: comparison between urban and rural communities in China. Circulation 1985; 71;202–10.
31. Avolio A. P., Clyde K. M., Beard T. C., et al. Improved arterial distensibility in normotensive subjects on a low salt diet. Arteriosclerosis 1986; 6:166–9.
32. Widlansky M. E., Gokce N., Keaney J. F. Jr., et al. The clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 42:1149–60.
33. Dickinson K. M, Keogh J. B, Clifton P. M. Effects of a low-salt diet on flow-mediated dilatation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; February 1, 89 (2): 485–90.
34. Gates P. E., Tanaka H., Hiatt W. R., et al. Dietary sodium restriction rapidly improves large elastic artery compliance in older adults with systolic hypertension. Hypertension 2004; 44:35–41.
35. Sanders P. W. Vascular consequences of dietary salt intake. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2009, August 1, 297 (2): F237-F243.
36. Sanders P. W. Dietary Salt Intake, Salt Sensitivity, and Cardiovascular Health Hypertension 2009, March 1, 53 (3):442–5.
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Потешкина Н.Г. ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ СОЛИ. СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТАЯ СИСТЕМА КАК ОРГАН-МИШЕНЬ. ЧАСТЬ III. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2012;(6):84-90.
For citation:
Poteshkina N.G. SALT CONSUMPTION. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AS A TARGET ORGAN. PART III. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2012;(6):84-90. (In Russ.)