Современные инструментальные возможности выявления и мониторирования бессимптомного застоя у пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью

Застойные явления, связанные с перегрузкой давлением и/или объёмом, играют центральную роль в патофизиологии, проявлениях и прогнозе сердечной недостаточности, являясь одной из важных целей её терапии. Существующие методы диагностики застоя, в основном, клинические, имеют низкую чувствительность и специфичность, что может привести к отсрочке диагностики и начала лечения.

В течение последних десятилетий были разработаны новые, более чувствительные и специфичные ультразвуковые методы для выявления повышенного внутрисердечного давления и/или перегрузки объёмом, обеспечивающие раннюю и точную диагностику и облегчающие формирование стратегии лечения. В обзоре обсуждается роль современных инструментальных методов выявления и количественной оценки застойных явлений, включающих визуализацию лёгких (В-линии), почек (внутрипочечный венозный кровоток) и венозной системы (диаметр нижней полой и внутренней ярёмной вен), фиброэластометрию.

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