Associations of polyphenolic compounds consumption and the risk of dyslipidemia in the Siberian population

Aim. To identify associations of polyphenols consumption in general, as well as their classes with the risk of dyslipidemia in the population of Novosibirsk aged 45-69.

Material and methods. In 2003-2005, in the frames of the HAPIEE international project “Determinants of cardiovascular diseases in Eastern Europe: a multicenter cohort study” the population sample aged 45-69 (9360 people, 4266 men and 5094 women, average age - 57.6 years) was examined in Novosibirsk. For the analysis of nutrition, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used (141 product names). The content of polyphenolic compounds and their classes was evaluated using the European database Phenol-Explorer 3.6. The eating habits of the population and typically consumed foods were taken into account. The determination of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were carried out by enzymatic method. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed with cholesterol level greater than 5.0 mmol/l (190 mg/dL). Levels of HDL cholesterol <1.0 mmol/l in men and <1.2 mmol/l in women were considered as high-density lipoprotein hypocholesterolemia (hypoHDL-C). The concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated with the Friedewald formula (1972). HyperLDL-C was diagnosed if level of LDL cholesterol was <3.0 mmol / l.

Results. The chance of developing of hypercholesterolemia in the quartile with the highest consumption of “other polyphenols” was 20% less (OR 1.2 confidence interval (CI 1.01-0.14), p = 0.033), phenolic acids by 20% (OR 1.2 (CI 1.01-1.42), p = 0.04) and stilbenes by 37% (OR 1.37 (CI 1.15-1.64), p = 0.001) less than in the quartile of low consumption. The risk of developing hypoHDL-C was lower in the quartile of high polyphenols consumption in general by 18% (OR 1.18 (CI 1.002-1.4), p = 0.051), phenolic acids by 32% (OR 1.32 (CI 1.11-1.57), p = 0.001) and the groups of “other polyphenols” by 20% (OR 1.2 (CI 1.01-1.41), p = 0.04). The chance of hyperLDL-C in the high quartile of consumption of “other polyphenols” decreased by 16% (OR 1.16 (CI 1.002-1.355), p = 0.049) and lignans - by 33% (OR 1.33 (CI 1.14-1, 56), p <0.001) compared with low consumption.

Conclusion. Thus, the consumption of polyphenols in general and in classes (phenolic acids, stilbenes, and “other polyphenols”) decreased the risk of dyslipidemia in Siberian population. 

1. WHO Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). (2016) Available online: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/ (29 Feb 2020).

2. Boylan S, Welch A, Pikhart H, et al. Dietary habits in three Central and Eastern European countries: the HAPIEE study. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:439. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-439.

3. Boylan S, Lallukka T, Lahelma E, et al. Socio-economic circumstances and food habits in Eastern, Central and Western European populations. Public Health Nutr. 2011 ;14(4):678-87. doi:10.1017/S1368980010002570.

4. Muromtseva GA, Kontsevaya AV, Konstantinov VV, et al. The prevalence of non-infectious diseases risk factors in Russian population in 2012-2013 years. The results of ECVD-RF. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014; 13(6):4-11. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11.

5. Guo X, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Estruch R, et al. Effects of polyphenol, measured by a biomarker of total polyphenols in urine, on cardiovascular risk factors after a long-term follow-up in the PREDIMED Study. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2016;2016:11. doi:10.1155/2016/2572606.2572606.

6. Penalvo JL, Lopez-Romero P. Urinary enterolignan concentrations are positively associated with serum HDL cholesterol and negatively associated with serum triglycerides in U.S. adults. J Nutr. 2012;142(4):751-6. doi:10.3945/jn.111.150516.

7. Grosso G, Stepaniak U, Micek A, et al. Dietary polyphenols are inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in Polish adults of the HAPIEE study. European Journal of Nutrition. 2017;56(4):1409-20. doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1187-z.

8. Pounis G., Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, et al. Polyphenol intake is associated with low-grade inflammation, using a novel data analysis from the Moli-sani study. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2016;115(2):344-52. doi:10.1160/TH15-06-0487.

9. Mellor DD, Sathyapalan T, Kilpatrick ES, et al. High-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate improves HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabet Med. 2010;27(11):1318-21. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03108.x.

10. Tsartsou E, Proutsos N, Castanas E, Kampa M. Network Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Effects of Olive-Oil in Humans Shows the Importance of Olive Oil Consumption With Moderate Polyphenol Levels as Part of the Mediterranean Diet. Front Nutr. 2019;6:6. doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00006.

11. Onakpoya I, Spencer E, Heneghan C, Thompson M. The effect of green tea on blood pressure and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;24(8):823-36. doi:101016/j.numecd.2014.01.016.

12. Cardiovascular prevention 2017. National guidelines. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;(6):7-122. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-7-122.

13. Rothwell JA, Perez-Jimenez J, Neveu V, et al. Phenol-Explorer 3.0: a major update of the Phenol-Explorer database to incorporate data on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content. Database (Oxford). 2013 Oct 7;2013:bat070. doi:10.1093/database/bat070.

14. Guo F, Li JM, Tang J, Li D. Effects of resveratrol supplementation on risk factors of noncommunicable diseases: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2017;1-15. doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1349076.

15. Haghighatdoost F, Hariri M. Effect of resveratrol on lipid profile: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials. Pharmacol Res. 2018;129:141-50. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.033.

16. Grosso G, Stepaniak U, Topor-M^dry R, et al. Estimated dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study. Nutrition. 2014;30(11-12):1398-403. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.012.

17. Mendonca RD, Carvalho NC, Martin-Moreno JM, et al. Total polyphenol intake, polyphenol subtypes and incidence of cardiovascular disease: The SUN cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;29(1):69-78. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2018.09.012.

18. Medina-Remon A, Casas R, Tressserra-Rimbau A, et al. PREDIMED Study Investigators. Polyphenol intake from a Mediterranean diet decreases inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis: a substudy of the PREDIMED trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(1):114-28. doi:10.1111/bcp.12986.

19. Kim K, Vance TM, Chun OK. Greater flavonoid intake is associated with improved CVD risk factors in US adults. Br. J. Nutr. 2016;115:1481-8. doi:101017/S0007114516000519.

20. Sohrab G, Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Hejazi J, et al. Dietary polyphenols and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013;64(6):661-7. doi:10.3109/09637486.2013.787397.

21. Zujko ME, Waskiewicz A, Witkowska AM, et al. Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Polish Adults: A Nationwide Study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018:7487816. doi:10.1155/2018/7487816.