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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2014-11-19-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-87</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЗНАЧЕНИЕ И КОРРЕКТНОСТЬ ТЕРМИНА “АНАЭРОБНЫЙ ПОРОГ”. ПОРОГОВЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КОМПЕНСАТОРНО-ПРИСПОСОБИТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ ОРГАНИЗМА ПРИ ВОЗРАСТАЮЩЕЙ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ НАГРУЗКЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IMPORTANCE AND CORRECTNESS  OF THE TERM “ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD”. THRESHOLD CHANGES OF COMPENSATORY  AND ADAPTIVE BODY REACTIONS IN INCREASING PHYSICAL EXERTION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лелявина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lelyavina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший научный сотрудник  научно-исследовательского отдела сердечной  недостаточности</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianalelyavina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситникова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitnikova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руководитель  научно-исследовательского отдела  сердечной недостаточности</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianalelyavina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руководитель  Научноисследовательской лаборатории эргоспирометрии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianalelyavina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шляхто</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyakhto</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАМН, директор ФГБУ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianalelyavina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный  центр  сердца, крови и эндокринологии  имени В. А. Алмазова, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre of the Heart, Blood and Endocrinology n.a. V. A. Almazov, SaintPetersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лелявина Т.А., Ситникова М.Ю., Березина А.В., Шляхто Е.В., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лелявина Т.А., Ситникова М.Ю., Березина А.В., Шляхто Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lelyavina T.A., Sitnikova M.Y., Berezina A.V., Shlyakhto E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/87">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/87</self-uri><abstract><p>Разделение физической нагрузки на фазы необходимо для своевременного принятия правильных клинических решений в медицине и для оценки уровня профессиональной подготовленности спортсменов в спортивной медицине. Цель. 1) Выявить последовательность компенсаторно-приспособительных реакций, происходящих в организме человека в процессе возрастающей ФН.2) Оценить корректность термина “анаэробный порог”.Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 28 спортсменов-триатлетов и 35 здоровых нетренированных лиц, которые выполнили кардиореспираторный тест на тредмиле с использованием аппаратуры “Охусоn Рrо”, Jaeger, Germany. Исследуемые были инструктированы на выполнение нагрузки максимально возможной мощности. Физиологические этапы включения компенсаторных механизмов при ФН определяли по изменению уровня лактата, рН и HCO в венозной крови и изменению газообмена.Результаты. По результатам настоящего исследования выявлено существование всего четырех физиологических этапов ФН. Первый физиологический этап — это пороговый перелом в содержании молочной кислоты — лактатный порог. Второй — начало снижения рН венозной крови — рН-порог. Третий физиологический этап — точка респираторной компенсации. Четвертый физиологический этап соответствует моменту ФН, когда аэробный метаболизм достиг “апогея” и увеличение образования энергии аэробным путем далее невозможно — аэробный лимит. Термин “анаэробный порог” не подходит к описанию ни одного из этих этапов.Заключение. 1. На основании результатов проведенного исследованияможно выделить четыре физиологических этапа, которые возникают при возрастающейФН:лактатныйпорог,рН порог,точкареспираторнойкомпенсациииаэробныйлимит.2.Термин“анаэробныйпорог”некорректенинеотражаетизмененияфизиологических процессов в организме человека при физическойнагрузке.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A distinction of the physical exertion into phases is necessary for on-time decisionmaking of the correct clinical decisions in medicine and for evaluation of the level ofsportsmen professional preparedness in sport medicine.Aim. 1) To reveal the consequence of compensatory reactions in human bodyduring increasing physical exertion (PE). 2) To evaluate correctness of the term“anaerobic threshold”.Material and methods. Totally 28 triathletes included and 35 healthy non-trained individuals underwent cardiorespiratory test on treadmill using equipment “Oxycon Pro” by Jager, Germany. Participants were instructed to reach maximum effort.Physiological stages of compensatory mechanisms involvement during PE wereevaluated by lactate measurements, pH and HCO in venous blood and gasexchange shifts.Results. By the results of the current study we distinguished four main physiologic stages of PE. The first physiological stage is a threshold break in lactate level — lactate threshold. The second — beginning of pH decrease in venous blood — pH-threshold. The third physiologic stage — point of respiratory compensation. The fourth stage relates to the moment of PE when aerobicmetabolism is at “apogee” and the increase of energy production by aerobic pathway is not further possible – aerobis limit. The term “anaerobic threshold” is not relevant to any of these stages.Conclusion. 1. According to the results of the study it is possible to distinguish fourphysiologic stages that appear during increasing PE: lactate threshold, pHthreshold,point of respiratory compensation and aerobic limit. 2. The term“anaerobic threshold” is not correct and does not reflect changes of physiologic processes in the human body during physical exertion.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиореспираторный тест</kwd><kwd>компенсаторно-приспособительные этапы физической нагрузки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiorespiratory  test</kwd><kwd>compensatory-adaptive stages  of  physical exertion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wasserman K, Beaver WL, Whipp BJ. A New Method for Detecting Anaerobic Threshold by Gas Exchange. 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