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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2025-6764</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TIGAED</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-6764</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИЯ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ATRIAL FIBRILLATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нестандартные подходы к лечению фибрилляции предсердий — взгляд за рамки клинических рекомендаций. Мнение по проблеме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Unconventional approaches to atrial fibrillation treatment — a view beyond clinical guidelines. Opinion on the problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2584-9188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлева Марина Владимировна — к.м.н., врач-кардиолог, главный врачСпартаковский пер., д 2, стр. 5, Москва, 105082</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Yakovleva Spartak Lane, 2, p. 5, Moscow, 105082</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yakovleva003@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника "Медэлект"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medelect Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4S</issue><issue-title>Образование</issue-title><fpage>6764</fpage><lpage>6764</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яковлева М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яковлева М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakovleva M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6764">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6764</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены литературные данные и результаты собственного клинического опыта, свидетельствующие о том, что фибрилляция предсердий (ФП), являясь стереотипным клиническим проявлением патологического фиброзирования миокарда, может иметь в своей основе различные, не всегда очевидные пусковые факторы. Приведены морфологическая и клиническая классификации фиброза. Обоснована полиэтиологичность миокардиального фиброза, описаны механизмы его патогенеза, реализующиеся через гипоксическое повреждение митохондрий кардиомиоцитов. Сделан акцент на некоторых неочевидных причинах митохондриальной дисфункции, которые широко распространены в популяции и могут быть причиной резистентности ФП к антиаритмическому и интервенционному лечению. В абсолютном большинстве случаев эти этиологические факторы остаются не выявленными, т.к. не включены в алгоритмы текущих рекомендаций. Приведены собственные клинические данные нейромодуляционного лечения пожилых коморбидных пациентов с ФП и сердечной недостаточностью, сформулирована гипотеза возможной регенерации миокарда, основанная на стимуляции дифференцировки эндогенных миокардиальных стволовых клеток. Составлен алгоритм, которым, по мнению автора, целесообразно дополнить стандартное обследование пациентов с ФП для улучшения долгосрочной эффективности лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents literature data and the results of our own clinical experience demonstrating that atrial fibrillation (AF), a stereotypical clinical manifestation of pathological myocardial fibrosis, can be caused by various, not always obvious, triggers. Morphological and clinical classifications of fibrosis are presented. Multifactorial origin of myocardial fibrosis is substantiated. Pathogenetic mechanisms, mediated by hypoxic damage to cardiomyocyte mitochondria, are described. Emphasis is placed on some non-obvious causes of mitochondrial dysfunction that are widespread in the population and may contribute to AF resistance to antiarrhythmic and interventional treatments. In the vast majority of cases, these etiological factors remain undetected, as they are not included in the algorithms of current guidelines. The authors present their own clinical data on neuromodulation treatment of elderly patients with AF and heart failure, along with a hypothesis for possible myocardial regeneration based on stimulation of endogenous myocardial stem cell differentiation. They also develop an algorithm that, in the author’s opinion, could be useful in supplementing the standard examination of patients with AF to improve long-term treatment effectiveness.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>фиброз миокарда</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>миокардит</kwd><kwd>гипоксия</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная дисфункция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>myocardial fibrosis</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>myocarditis</kwd><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial dysfunction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo S, Liu Y, Ryan A, et al. Regulation of atrial and ventricular cardiomyocyte identity. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2025;208:11-22. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2025.08.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo S, Liu Y, Ryan A, et al. 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