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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2026-6461</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XYDWUZ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-6461</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ И ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROGNOSIS AND DIAGNOSTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение диагностических параметров шкалы на основе машинного обучения и шкалы GRACE 2.0 для оценки долгосрочного риска летального исхода после инфаркта миокарда и нестабильной стенокардии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of the diagnostic parameters of a machine-learning-based score and the GRACE 2.0 score for assessing the long-term mortality risk after myocardial infarction and unstable angina</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1551-9767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швец</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvets</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Анатольевич Швец — к.м.н., врач-кардиолог отделения кардиологического № 2.</p><p>Бульвар Победы, д. 10, Орел, 302028</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victory Boulevard, 10, Oryol, 302028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denpost-card@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-9326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поветкин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Povetkin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поветкин Сергей Владимирович — д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой клинической фармакологии.</p><p>Ул. Карла Маркса, д. 3, Курск, 305041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karl Marx str., 3, Kursk, 305041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">psv4677@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>БУЗ Орловской области Орловская областная клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Oryol Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Курский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kursk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>6461</fpage><lpage>6461</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Швец Д.А., Поветкин С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Швец Д.А., Поветкин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shvets D.A., Povetkin S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6461">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6461</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнение диагностических параметров шкалы оценки долгосрочного риска летального исхода после инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) и нестабильной стенокардии (НС), основанной на модели машинного обучения и шкалы Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) 2.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Ретроспективно исследовано 1515 медицинских карт больных с ИМ и НС. В течение 62 мес. наблюдения зафиксировано 238 случаев кардиологических летальных исходов и 1277 благоприятных исходов. 80% данных использовали для обучения с помощью Categorical Boosting классификатора. В окончательной модели использовали 8 наиболее значимых автоматически выделенных признаков. Качество модели оценивалось по основным метрикам: чувствительность, специфичность, предсказательная ценность положительного и отрицательного результатов теста, отношение правдоподобия положительного и отрицательного результатов теста, F1 (гармоническое среднее между чувствительностью и предсказательной ценностью положительного результата теста), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), индекс Юдена, сводный прогнозный индекс.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Диагностическая точность шкалы GRACE 2.0 (area under the curve (AUC) =0,74) и шкалы оценки долгосрочного риска летального исхода после ИМ и НС, основанной на модели машинного обучения (Machine Learning (ML)) (AUC =0,73) совпадают. Шкала риска ML демонстрирует устойчивую производительность на всех этапах кросс-валидации. В шкале риска ML признак, сопоставимый по значимости с возрастом — фракция выброса (ФВ) левого желудочка (ЛЖ). После 30 мес. от момента ИМ и НС существенно снижается выживаемость больных с исходным значением ФВ ЛЖ ≤40%. Верификация высокого риска летального исхода на основании шкалы риска ML позволит отнести больного к категории повышенного риска, даже при улучшении функции ЛЖ в динамике.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Оценка долгосрочного риска летального исхода после ИМ и НС, основанная на модели ML, осуществляется по 8 признакам: возраст, ФВ ЛЖ, площадь поверхности тела, уровень креатинина, систолическое артериальное давление, стадия хронической сердечной недостаточности, коморбидность. Точность прогнозирования летального исхода больных после ИМ и НС шкалой риска ML и шкалой GRACE 2.0 сопоставима. Диагностика высокого риска кардиологической летальности больных с ИМ и НС при ФВ ЛЖ ≤40% может позволить оптимизировать мероприятия вторичной профилактики в данной группе больных.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To compare the diagnostic parameters of machine-learning-based score for assessing the long-term mortality risk after myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina (UA), based on a machine-learning model, and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) 2.0 scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This retrospective review of 1515 medical records of patients with MI and UA were performed. During 62-month follow-up, 238 cases of cardiac death and 1277 favorable outcomes were recorded. Eighty percent of the data were used for training using a categorical boosting classifier. The final model utilized eight automatically extracted, most significant variables. The model’s performance was assessed using following key metrics: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, positive to negative likelihood ratio, F1 score (the harmonic mean between sensitivity and positive predictive value), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Youden index, and summary predictive index.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The diagnostic accuracy of the GRACE 2.0 score (area under the curve (AUC)=0,74) and the machine learning (ML)-based long-term mortality risk assessment score after MI and UA (AUC=0,73) were consistent. The ML risk score demonstrated consistent performance across all stages of cross-validation. In the ML risk score, the feature with comparable significance to age was left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). After 30 months, survival of patients with a baseline LVEF ≤40% decreases significantly from the time of MI or UA. Verification of a high mortality risk based on the ML risk score will classify the patient as high-risk, even with dynamic improvement in LV function.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Long-term mortality risk after MI or UA is assessed using the ML model using the following 8 parameters: age, LVEF, body surface area, creatinine level, systolic blood pressure, heart failure stage, and comorbidity. The accuracy of predicting mortality in patients after MI or UA using the ML risk score is comparable to that of the GRACE 2.0 score. Diagnosing a high risk of cardiac mortality in patients with MI or UA with n LVEF ≤40% may optimize secondary prevention measures in this group of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>нестабильная стенокардия</kwd><kwd>оценка риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>unstable angina</kwd><kwd>risk assessment</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность независимому исследователю, специалисту в области машинного обучения Смолякову Максиму Валерьевичу</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weng SF, Reps J, Kai J, et al. Can machine-learning improve cardiovascular risk prediction using routine clinical data? 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