<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2026-6358</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">IAFPIB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-6358</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOLOGIC SERVICE ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность обучения диспетчеров скорой медицинской помощи принципам и навыкам дистанционного консультирования по вопросам оказания первой помощи при остановке сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effectiveness of training emergency medical dispatchers in remote consultation on first aid for cardiac arrest</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-9760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биркун</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Birkun</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Биркун Алексей Алексеевич — д.м.н., доцент; доцент кафедры анестезиологии-реаниматологии и скорой медицинской помощи; врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p><p>бул. Ленина, д. 5/7, Симферополь,</p><p>ул. 60 лет Октября, д. 30б, Симферополь, 295024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lenin Blvd., 5/7, Simferopol,</p><p>60 let Oktyabrya str., 30b, Simferopol, 295024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">birkunalexei@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3052-2558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролова Леся Петровна — зав. учебно-тренировочным отделом</p><p>ул. 60 лет Октября, д. 30б, Симферополь, 295024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>60 let Oktyabrya str., 30b, Simferopol, 295024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">froleska@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5704-2927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvereva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зверева Наталья Сериковна — начальник лаборатории психофизиологического обеспечения</p><p>ул. 60 лет Октября, д. 30б, Симферополь, 295024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>60 let Oktyabrya str., 30b, Simferopol, 295024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zvereva.-.n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-1724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дежурный</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dezhurny</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дежурный Леонид Игоревич — д.м.н., профессор; руководитель методического аккредитационно-симуляционного центра; профессор кафедры медицинской статистики и цифрового здравоохранения</p><p>ул. Добролюбова, д. 11, Москва, 127254, </p><p>Баррикадная улица, д. 2/1с1, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dobrolyubova str., 11, Moscow, 127254,</p><p>Barrikadnaya str., 2/1s1, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DL6581111@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинский институт им. С. И. Георгиевского, ФГАОУ ВО Крымский федеральный университет им. В. И. Вернадского;&#13;
ГБУЗ Республики Крым Крымский республиканский центр медицины катастроф и скорой медицинской помощи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. I. Georgievsky Medical Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University;&#13;
Crimean Republican Center for Disaster Medicine and Emergency Medical Care</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Республики Крым Крымский республиканский центр медицины катастроф и скорой медицинской помощи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Crimean Republican Center for Disaster Medicine and Emergency Medical Care</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения Минздрава России; &#13;
ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Health;&#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6358</fpage><lpage>6358</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Биркун А.А., Фролова Л.П., Зверева Н.С., Дежурный Л.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Биркун А.А., Фролова Л.П., Зверева Н.С., Дежурный Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Birkun A.A., Frolova L.P., Zvereva N.S., Dezhurny L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6358">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6358</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выполнить экспериментальную оценку эффективности обучения специалистов скорой медицинской помощи (СМП) принципам и навыкам дистанционного консультирования очевидцев происшествия по вопросам оказания первой помощи (ПП) при остановке сердца.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено одногрупповое квазиэкспериментальное исследование с оценкой знаний и практических навыков обучающихся до и после обучения по трехдневной учебной программе, предусматривающей теоретическую подготовку и отработку практических навыков алгоритмизированного дистанционного консультирования по вопросам оказания первой помощи (ДКПП) в симуляционных сценариях с проведением дебрифингов. Для оценки знаний использовали опросник из 17 тестовых заданий, для оценки навыков — чек-лист из 15 позиций. Оценку навыков ДКПП осуществляли в симуляционном сценарии остановки сердца, в котором условный очевидец происшествия выполнял мероприятия первой помощи на манекене согласно инструкциям диспетчера.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследуемую выборку составили 25 обучающихся — диспетчеров СМП. В результате обучения медиана и интерквартильный размах [Q25; Q75] количества правильных ответов на тестовые задания возросла от 10,0 [7,0; 11,0] до 16,0 [15,0; 16,0] (p&lt;0,001). До обучения диспетчеры часто не обеспечивали базовые элементы консультирования, необходимые для корректной и оперативной оценки состояния пострадавшего и предоставления очевидцу инструкций по проведению реанимации. Как следствие, в 44,0% случаев (n=11) компрессии грудной клетки вообще не были начаты очевидцем, а когда компрессии проводились, инструкции диспетчеров, как правило, не включали формулировки, имеющие ключевое значение для соблюдения правильной техники компрессий. До обучения диспетчеры в 92,0% (n=23) случаев предоставляли очевидцу лишние инструкции. Суммарная оценка практических навыков исходно составила 4,0 [2,0; 5,0] балла, и значительно увеличилась после освоения учебной программы, достигнув 14,0 [13,5; 15,0] баллов (p&lt;0,001). После обучения компрессии проводились под руководством диспетчеров во всех случаях, и как правило, с соблюдением ключевых условий для обеспечения эффективности реанимации, а предоставление лишних инструкций было зафиксировано в одном случае (4,0%).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Обучение диспетчеров СМП, сочетающее теоретическую подготовку с отработкой навыков алгоритмизированного консультирования в симуляционных сценариях с дебрифингами, оказывает существенное положительное влияние на уровень знаний и навыков дистанционного консультирования по вопросам оказания первой помощи при остановке сердца и может быть рекомендовано для широкого внедрения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To conduct an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of training emergency medical service (EMS) specialists in remote consultation on first aid for cardiac arrest.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This single-group quasi-experimental study assessed knowledge and practical skills before and after training in a three-day curriculum that included theoretical and practice training on first aid consultation in simulation scenarios with debriefings. A questionnaire consisting of 17 test items was used to assess knowledge, and a 15-item checklist was used to assess skills. The assessment of first aid skills was conducted in a simulated cardiac arrest scenario, in which a bystander performed first aid on a mannequin according to the dispatcher’s instructions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study sample consisted of 25 EMS dispatcher trainees. Following the training, the median [interquartile range, IQR] number of correct answers to test questions increased from 10,0 [7,0; 11,0] to 16,0 [15,0; 16,0] (p&lt;0,001). Before training, dispatchers often failed to provide the basic elements of counseling necessary for an accurate and prompt assessment of the victim’s condition and providing bystanders with instructions. Consequently, in 44,0% of cases (n=11), chest compressions were not initiated by the bystander at all, and when compressions were performed, dispatchers’ instructions typically did not include language critical to proper compression technique. Before training, dispatchers provided unnecessary instructions to bystanders in 92,0% (n=23) of cases. The median [IQR] total practical skills score was initially 4,0 [2,0; 5,0], but increased significantly after completing the training, reaching 14,0 [13,5; 15,0] (p&lt;0,001). After training, compressions were performed under dispatcher guidance in all cases, and generally observing key conditions for ensuring effective resuscitation. Unnecessary instructions were provided in one case (4,0%).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. EMS dispatcher training, combining theoretical training with the practice of algorithmic consultation skills in simulation scenarios with debriefings, significantly improved knowledge and skills in remote consultation regarding first aid during cardiac arrest and can be recommended for widespread implementation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обучение</kwd><kwd>остановка сердца</kwd><kwd>первая помощь</kwd><kwd>реанимация</kwd><kwd>скорая медицинская помощь</kwd><kwd>телекоммуникации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>training</kwd><kwd>cardiac arrest</kwd><kwd>first aid</kwd><kwd>resuscitation</kwd><kwd>emergency care</kwd><kwd>telecommunications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishiyama C, Kiguchi T, Okubo M, et al. Three-year trends in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest across the world: Second report from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Resuscitation. 2023;186:109757. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishiyama C, Kiguchi T, Okubo M, et al. Three-year trends in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest across the world: Second report from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Resuscitation. 2023;186:109757. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliveira NC, Oliveira H, Silva TLC, et al. The role of bystander CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: what the evidence tells us. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2025;82:86-98. doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2024.09.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliveira NC, Oliveira H, Silva TLC, et al. The role of bystander CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: what the evidence tells us. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2025;82:86-98. doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2024.09.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan S, Gan Y, Jiang N, et al. The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):61. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2773-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan S, Gan Y, Jiang N, et al. The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):61. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2773-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semeraro F, Greif R, Böttiger BW, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Systems saving lives. Resuscitation. 2021;161:80-97. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semeraro F, Greif R, Böttiger BW, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Systems saving lives. Resuscitation. 2021;161:80-97. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daud A, Nawi AM, Aizuddin AN, et al. Factors and Barriers on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillator Willingness to Use among the Com­munity: A 2016-2021 Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. Glob Heart. 2023;18(1):46. doi:10.5334/gh.1255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daud A, Nawi AM, Aizuddin AN, et al. Factors and Barriers on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillator Willingness to Use among the Com­munity: A 2016-2021 Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. Glob Heart. 2023;18(1):46. doi:10.5334/gh.1255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uny I, Angus K, Duncan E, et al. Barriers and facilitators to delivering bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in deprived communities: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health. 2023;143(1):43-53. doi:10.1177/17579139211055497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uny I, Angus K, Duncan E, et al. Barriers and facilitators to delivering bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in deprived communities: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health. 2023;143(1):43-53. doi:10.1177/17579139211055497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greif R, Lockey A, Breckwoldt J, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Education for resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2021;161:388-407. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greif R, Lockey A, Breckwoldt J, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Education for resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2021;161:388-407. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pek PP, Lim JYY, Leong BS, et al. Improved Out-of-­Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival with a Comprehensive Dispatcher-­Assisted CPR Program in a Developing Emergency Care System. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2021;25(6):802-11. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1846824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pek PP, Lim JYY, Leong BS, et al. Improved Out-of-­Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival with a Comprehensive Dispatcher-­Assisted CPR Program in a Developing Emergency Care System. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2021;25(6):802-11. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1846824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolaou N, Dainty KN, Couper K, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of dispatcher-­assisted CPR on outcomes from sudden cardiac arrest in adults and children. Resuscitation. 2019;138:82-105. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.02.035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaou N, Dainty KN, Couper K, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of dispatcher-­assisted CPR on outcomes from sudden cardiac arrest in adults and children. Resuscitation. 2019;138:82-105. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.02.035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eberhard KE, Linderoth G, Gregers MCT, et al. Impact of dispatcher-­assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation on neurologically intact survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2021;29(1):70. doi:10.1186/s13049-021-00875-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eberhard KE, Linderoth G, Gregers MCT, et al. Impact of dispatcher-­assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation on neurologically intact survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2021;29(1):70. doi:10.1186/s13049-021-00875-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Биркун А. А., Дежурный Л. И. Организационные аспекты внедрения практики диспетчерского сопровождения первой помощи при остановке сердца в Российской Федерации (обзор литературы). Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2023;67(4):284-91. doi:10.47470/0044-197X-2023-67-4-284-291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birkun AA, Dezhurny LI. Managing aspects of the implementation of the practice of dispatcher-­assisted first aid for cardiac arrest in the Russian Federation (literature review). Health care of the Russian Federation. 2023;67(4):284-91. (In Russ.) doi:10.47470/0044-197X-2023-67-4-284-291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеева В. Г., Балахонцев А. П., Федоткин О. В. Перспективные направления деятельности территориальной службы медицины катастроф Пермского края. Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. 2007;1:84-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avdeeva VG, Balahontsev AP, Fedotkin OV. Perspective directions of activity of territorial disaster medical center of the Perm region. Tikhookeanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2007;1:84-9. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дежурный Л. И., Согомонян К. А., Биркун А. А. и др. Диспетчерское сопровождение оказания первой помощи очевидцами события при внегоспитальной остановке кровообращения у пострадавшего: реалии и перспективы. Медицина катастроф. 2024;1:53-8. doi:10.33266/2070-1004-2024-1-53-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dezhurnyy LI, Soghomonyan KA, Birkun AA, et al. Dispatcher Support for the Provision of First Aid by Eyewitnesses of the Event During out-of-­Hospital Circulatory Arrest in a Victim: Reality and Prospect. Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. 2024;1:53-8.(In Russ.) doi:10.33266/2070-1004-2024-1-53-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olasveengen TM, Semeraro F, Ristagno G, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Basic Life Support. Resuscitation. 2021;161:98-114. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olasveengen TM, Semeraro F, Ristagno G, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Basic Life Support. Resuscitation. 2021;161:98-114. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Биркун А. А., Дежурный Л. И., Багненко С. Ф. и др. Мнение специалистов скорой медицинской помощи о практике дистанционного консультирования по вопросам оказания первой помощи: результаты межрегионального опроса. Скорая медицинская помощь. 2023;24(3):4-17. doi:10.24884/2072-6716-2023-24-3-4-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birkun AA, Dezhurny LI, Bagnenko SF, et al. Opinion of specialists of emergency medi­cal services on the practice of distance counseling on first aid: results of the interregional survey. Emergency Medical Care. 2023;24(3):4-17. (In Russ.) doi:10.24884/2072-6716-2023-24-3-4-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berg KM, Cheng A, Panchal AR, et al. Part 7: Systems of Care: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2020;142(16_suppl_2): S580-604. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berg KM, Cheng A, Panchal AR, et al. Part 7: Systems of Care: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2020;142(16_suppl_2): S580-604. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meischke H, Painter IS, Stangenes SR, et al. Simulation training to improve 9-1-1 dispatcher identification of cardiac arrest: A randomized controlled trial. Resuscitation. 2017;119:21-6. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.07.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meischke H, Painter IS, Stangenes SR, et al. Simulation training to improve 9-1-1 dispatcher identification of cardiac arrest: A randomized controlled trial. Resuscitation. 2017;119:21-6. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.07.025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen YJ, Chen CY, Kang CW, et al. Dispatchers trained in persuasive communication techniques improved the effectiveness of dispatcher-­assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2024;196:110120. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen YJ, Chen CY, Kang CW, et al. Dispatchers trained in persuasive communication techniques improved the effectiveness of dispatcher-­assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2024;196:110120. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dainty KN, Debaty G, Waddick J, et al. Interventions to optimize dispatcher-­assisted CPR instructions: A scoping review. Resusc Plus. 2024;19:100715. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100715.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dainty KN, Debaty G, Waddick J, et al. Interventions to optimize dispatcher-­assisted CPR instructions: A scoping review. Resusc Plus. 2024;19:100715. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100715.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
