russjcardiolРоссийский кардиологический журналRussian Journal of Cardiology1560-40712618-7620«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1560-4071-2025-6235JLKDRKrussjcardiol-6235Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWВнеклеточные нуклеиновые кислоты как биомаркеры сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: перспективы и ограниченияCell-free nucleic acids as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases: prospects and limitationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6503-0310КорневаЛ. О.KornevaL. O.

Любовь Олеговна Корнева — м. н. с. НИЛ высокотехнологичных методов лечения сердечной недостаточности НИО сердечной недостаточности.

Санкт-Петербург

Research Assistant of the Research Laboratory of high-tech treatment of heart failure of the Research Department Heart Failure.

Moscow

ljubovkornewa@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3291-6884ОсиповаМ. А.OsipovaM. A.

Мария Александровна Осипова — м. н. с. НИЛ высокотехнологичных методов лечения сердечной недостаточности НИО сердечной недостаточности.

Санкт-Петербург

Research Assistant of the Research Laboratory of high-tech treatment of heart failure of the Research Department Heart Failure.

Moscow

skada-14@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-7850БорцоваМ. А.BortsovaM. A.

Мария Александровна Борцова — к. м. н., зав. кардиологическим отделением № 8.

Санкт-Петербург

M.D., Ph.D. of Medical Sciences, Department Head of Cardiology № 8.

Moscow

bortsova_ma@almazovcentre.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-5867КилинаД. А.KilinaD. A.

Дарья Андреевна Килина — зав. лабораторией тканевого типирования ЦКДЛ.

Санкт-Петербург

Head of HLA laboratory of Central Clinical Laboratory.

Moscow

kilina_da@almazovcentre.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-6257КостареваА. А.KostarevaA. A.

Анна Александровна Костарева — д. м. н., директор института молекулярной биологии и генетики.

Санкт-Петербург

M.D., D. Sc., Director of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics.

Moscow

akostareva@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0139-5177СитниковаМ. Ю.SitnikovaM. Yu.

Мария Юрьевна Ситникова — д. м. н., профессор, руководитель научно-исследовательского отдела сердечной недостаточности.

Санкт-Петербург

M.D., Professor, Head of Research Department of Heart Failure.

Moscow

drsitnikova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-628XГоловкинА. С.GolovkinA. S.

Алексей Сергеевич Головкин — д. м. н., зав. НИЛ микровезикулярного сигналинга Института молекулярной биологии и генетики.

Санкт-Петербург

M.D., D. Sc., Head of Research Laboratory of Microvesicular signaling of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics.

Moscow

golovkin_a@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-5705КалининаО. В.KalininaO. V.

Ольга Викторовна Калинина — д. б. н., в. н. с. НИЛ микровезикулярного сигналинга Института молекулярной биологии и генетики, профессор кафедры лабораторной медицины с клиникой Института медицинского образования.

Санкт-Петербург

D.Sc., Leading Researcher of Research Laboratory of Microvesicular Signaling of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Professor of Department of Laboratory Medicine with Clinic, Institute of Medical Education.

Moscow

olgakalinina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-1971ФедотовП. А.FedotovP. A.

 

Петр Алексеевич Федотов — к. м. н., в. н. с., зав. лаборатории высокотехнологичных методов лечения сердечной недостаточности, доцент кафедры кардиологии Института медицинского образования.

Санкт-Петербург

M.D., Ph.D. of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher and Head Research Laboratory of high-tech treatment of heart failure, Associate Professor at the Department of Cardiology.

Moscow

fedotov_pa@almazovcentre.ruФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. АлмазоваРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CenterRussian Federation202506052025306SОбзоры литературы, мнения по проблеме62356235Copyright © Корнева Л.О., Осипова М.А., Борцова М.А., Килина Д.А., Костарева А.А., Ситникова М.Ю., Головкин А.С., Калинина О.В., Федотов П.А., 20252025Корнева Л.О., Осипова М.А., Борцова М.А., Килина Д.А., Костарева А.А., Ситникова М.Ю., Головкин А.С., Калинина О.В., Федотов П.А.Korneva L.O., Osipova M.A., Bortsova M.A., Kilina D.A., Kostareva A.A., Sitnikova M.Y., Golovkin A.S., Kalinina O.V., Fedotov P.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6235

Одной из актуальных задач является поиск ранних и специфических маркеров сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) с целью стратификации риска развития ССЗ, разработки методов профилактики, ранней диагностики и лечения. В последние десятилетия значительное внимание уделяется внеклеточным нуклеиновым кислотам в плазме крови: свободноциркулирующей внеклеточной ДНК (св-ДНК) и циркулирующим некодирующим РНК, в частности микроРНК, которые рассматриваются как перспективные прогностические и диагностические биомаркеры многих патологических состояний, т. к. играют ключевую роль в регуляции физиологических и патофизиологических процессов. В данном обзоре раскрываются современные представления о возможности использования уровней св-ДНК и микроРНК в плазме крови пациентов с ССЗ в качестве специфических биомаркеров для диагностики, стратификации риска, оценки тяжести и мониторинга течения ССЗ, с акцентом на ишемическую болезнь сердца, хроническую сердечную недостаточность и отторжение сердечного аллографта, где эта область исследований является многообещающей.

One of the urgent tasks is the search for early and specific markers of cardio­vascular diseases (CVD) in order to stratify the cardiovascular risk, develop methods for their prevention, early diagnosis and treatment. In recent decades, considerable attention has been paid to plasma cell-free nucleic acids free: circulating cell-free DNA (сfDNA) and circulating non-coding RNA, in particular microRNA, which are considered as promising prognostic and diagnostic bio­markers of many pathological conditions, since they play a key role in the regu­lation of physiological and pathophysiological processes. This review covers current understanding of the potential of plasma cfDNA and microRNA assessment in cardiovascular patients as specific biomarkers for diagnosis, risk stratification, severity assessment and monitoring of CVD, with a focus on coronary artery dise­ase, heart failure and cardiac allograft rejection, where this area of research is promising.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.