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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2025-6212</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">LOSWGR</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-6212</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ И РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ В КАРДИОЛОГИИ И КАРДИОХИРУРГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гендерно-половые различия в исходах современной коронарной хирургии: основные результаты исследования CROWN-SAGA (Coronary Revascularization Outcomes Within Necessary Sex And Gender Aspects)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gender and sex differences in the outcomes of modern coronary surgery: the main results of the Coronary Revascularization Outcomes Within Necessary Sex And Gender Aspects (CROWN-SAGA) study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-1977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лилотхиа</surname><given-names>С. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lilothia</surname><given-names>S. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лилотхиа Софья Харишевна — сердечно-сосудистый хирург</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sophialilothia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3904-6415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комаров Роман Николаевич — д.м.н., профессор, директор клиники факультетской хирургии, зав. кафедрой сердечно-сосудистой хирургии и инвазивной кардиологии, сердечно-сосудистый хирург</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">komarovroman@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-9050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арутюнян</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arutyunyan</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арутюнян Ваграм Борикович — д. м. н., зав. кардиохирургическим отделением № 1, сердечно-сосудистый хирург</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avb@permheart.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-8208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белов Вячеслав Александрович — главный врач, сердечно-сосудистый хирург</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belovcardio@permheart.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Федеральный центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. С. Г. Суханова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sukhanov Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>6212</fpage><lpage>6212</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лилотхиа С.Х., Комаров Р.Н., Арутюнян В.Б., Белов В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лилотхиа С.Х., Комаров Р.Н., Арутюнян В.Б., Белов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lilothia S.K., Komarov R.N., Arutyunyan V.B., Belov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6212">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6212</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести комплексный сравнительный анализ влияния предоперационного профиля и различных хирургических методик коронарного шунтирования (КШ) на непосредственные и отдалённые исходы операций у женщин и мужчин.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Ретроспективно-проспективное одноцентровое исследование CROWN-SAGA (NCT06749171) включает выборку из 400 пациентов (200 женщин и 200 мужчин), которым было выполнено КШ в период с января 2016г по июль 2023г в Федеральном центре сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. С. Г. Суханова (г. Пермь). Включенные в исследование пациенты были разделены на группы по половой принадлежности с дальнейшим выполнением propensity score matching (PSM, псевдорандомизация) анализа, а также на страты методик операций — ONCAB (КШ с искусственным кровообращением), OPCAB (КШ на работающем сердце), NTA (техника, исключающая манипуляции с аортой), MICSCAB (множественное миниинвазивное КШ на работающем сердце). Также анализировалось влияние мультиартериального шунтирования, тотальной артериальной реваскуляризации, композитных и секвенциальных графтов на исходы для каждого пола. Первичной конечной точкой был комбинированный исход MACCE (комбинированный исход неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых и цереброваскулярных событий), включающий смерть, инфаркт миокарда (ИМ), инсульт или транзиторную ишемическую атаку и повторную реваскуляризацию в отдалённом послеоперационном периоде. Вторичной конечной точкой явилась смерть от всех причин в отдалённом периоде.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Медианная длительность наблюдения составила 50 (1-й (Q1) и 3-й (Q3) квартили: 30; 72) мес.: 54,5 (33; 75,8) среди женщин и 46 (22; 71) среди мужчин. Женщины отличались менее благоприятным предоперационным профилем по сравнению с мужчинами. Ближайшие исходы у женщин и мужчин относительно смерти (2,5% vs 3,5%) и MACCE (1% vs 1,5%) были схожи. В отдалённом периоде распространённость MACCE составила 21,2% среди женщин и 16,2% среди мужчин (отношение рисков (HR) =1,15 [95% доверительный интервал (ДИ): 0,72; 1,82], p=0,557), частота летального исхода составила 11,1% среди женщин и 10,2% среди мужчин (HR =0,94 [95% ДИ: 0,51; 1,72], p=0,83). Женщины характеризовались большим риском развития ИМ (HR =6,66 [95% ДИ: 0,83; 53,28], p=0,038), реваскуляризации (HR =4,11 [95% ДИ: 1,18; 14,32], p=0,016) и инсульта (HR =1,24 [95% ДИ: 0,59; 2,6], p=0,567). Риски неблагоприятных отдалённых исходов выборки оказались выше в страте All Off-pumps (OPCAB, NTA, MICSCAB) в сравнении с ONCAB, как в отношении MACCE (HR =1,54 [95% ДИ: 0,95; 2,49], p=0,08), так в отношении смерти (HR =2,17 [95% ДИ: 1,14; 4,14], p=0,016). Среди женщин и среди мужчин риск MACCE и смерти в отдалённом периоде при сравнении страт ONCAB, OPCAB, MICSCAB и NTA оказался без значимой разницы, за исключением статистически значимо меньшего риска смерти у мужчин при ONCAB в сравнении с OPCAB (HR =0,28 [95% ДИ: 0,09; 0,91], p=0,03). При визуализации у женщин отмечен более высокий риск возникновения любой окклюзии шунта, при этом после операций на работающем сердце риск возникновения любой окклюзии был значительно выше среди обоих полов в сравнении с ONCAB. Предикторами MACCE и смерти в отдалённом периоде явились для женщин — использование композитных графтов, для мужчин — фракция выброса £40%, возраст &gt;70 лет и КШ на работающем сердце. На момент последнего наблюдения среди пациентов женского пола сохранение жалоб на самочувствие было статистически значимо чаще, чем среди мужчин.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Женщины в целом имеют менее благоприятные исходы хирургической реваскуляризации миокарда в сравнении с мужчинами. Существуют различия во влиянии на послеоперационные исходы разных хирургических техник шунтирования у женщин и у мужчин. Тактика КШ должна основываться на дифференцированном гендерно-половом подходе к выбору оптимальной.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To conduct an in-depth comparative analysis of the impact of preoperative profile and range of surgical techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery on shortand long-term outcomes in women and men.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This retrospective and prospective single-center CROWNSAGA study (NCT06749171) includes a sample of 400 patients (200 women and 200 men) who underwent CABG in the period from January 2016 to July 2023 at the Sukhanov Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery (Perm). The patients included in the study were divided into groups by sex followed by propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, as well as into stratum of surgical techniques — on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (ONCAB), off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), no-touch aorta technique (NTA), minimally invasive multiple coronary artery bypass grafting (MICSCAB). Furthermore, the impact of multiple arterial grafting (MAG), total arterial revascularization (TAR), composite and sequential grafting on outcomes was analyzed for each sex. The primary endpoint was a composite of allcause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and repeat revascularization (major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, MACCE) during the long-term follow-up. The secondary endpoint was allcause mortality during the long-term follow-up.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Median follow-up duration was 50 (1st (Q1) and 3rd (Q3) quartiles: 30; 72) months: 54,5 (33; 75,8) in women and 46 (22; 71) in men. Women had less favorable preoperative profile compared to men. Short-term in-hospital outcomes were comparable between women and men in terms of mortality (2,5% vs 3,5%) and MACCE (1% vs 1,5%). Over long-term follow-up, the incidence of MACCE was 21,2% in women and 16,2% in men (hazard ratio (HR) =1,15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0,72; 1,82], p=0,557) and the incidence of death was 11,1% in women and 10,2% in men (HR =0,94 [95% CI: 0,51; 1,72], p=0,83). Female cohort had higher risks of MI (HR =6,66 [95% CI: 0,83; 53,28], p=0,038), revascularization (HR =4,11 [95% CI: 1,18; 14,32], p=0,016) and stroke (HR =1,24 [95% CI: 0,59; 2,6], p=0,567). In the all off-pumps strata (OPCAB, NTA, MICSCAB) compared with ONCAB, risk of adverse long-term outcomes was higher among all patients in regard to both MACCE (HR =1,54 [95% CI: 0,95; 2,49], p=0,08) and death (HR =2,17 [95% CI: 1,14; 4,14], p=0,016). No significant difference was observed in longterm MACCE and death rates between women or men when comparing ONCAB, OPCAB, MICSCAB and NTA stratum, except for a significant lower risk of death in men with ONCAB compared to OPCAB (HR =0,28 [95% CI: 0,09; 0,91], p=0,03). The use of graft imaging revealed an increased risk of graft occlusion in women, whereas following off-pump CABG the risk of any occlusion was significantly higher in both sexes compared to ONCAB. Predictor of long-term MACCE and death for women was use of composite grafts, while for men — ejection fraction (EF) £40%, age &gt;70 years, and off-pump CABG. At last follow-up, the persistence of health complaints was significantly higher among female patients versus male patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Women overall have less favorable outcomes following surgical myocardial revascularization compared with men. The impact of different surgical bypass techniques on postoperative outcomes varies between women and men. A differential sex-gender approach should be employed in the selection of the optimal surgical technique for CABG, with the objective of improving patient outcomes following myocardial revascularization.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коронарное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>реваскуляризация</kwd><kwd>OPCAB</kwd><kwd>ONCAB</kwd><kwd>NTA</kwd><kwd>MICSCAB</kwd><kwd>мультиартериальное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>секвенциальное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>композитное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>кардиохирургия</kwd><kwd>женщины</kwd><kwd>пол</kwd><kwd>гендер</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronary artery bypass grafting</kwd><kwd>revascularization</kwd><kwd>OPCAB</kwd><kwd>ONCAB</kwd><kwd>NTA</kwd><kwd>MICSCAB</kwd><kwd>multiple arterial grafting</kwd><kwd>sequential grafts</kwd><kwd>composite grafts</kwd><kwd>cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>women</kwd><kwd>sex</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaudino M. 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