<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2024-5984</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">FRLPZA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-5984</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль визуализирующих методов в оценке уязвимых бляшек и эффективности гиполипидемической терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of imaging techniques in the assessment of vulnerable plaques and the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6725-7180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбаева</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbaeva</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бикбаева Гузель Рунаровна — врач-кардиолог ГБУЗ СОККД им. В.П. Полякова; аспирант кафедры пропедевтической терапии с курсом кардиологии ФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guzel R. Bikbaeva - cardiologist of SBHI Samara Regional Clinical Cardiological Dispensary named after VP Polyakov; Postgraduate student of the Department of Propaedeutic Therapy with a course in Cardiology of FSBEI HE SamSMU MOH Russia.</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guzelbikbaeva63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-8003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковальская</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalskaya</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковальская Анна Николаевна — врач-кардиолог, аспирант кафедры пропедевтической терапии с курсом кардиологии.</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna N. Kovalskaya - cardiologist, Postgraduate student of the Department of Propaedeutic Therapy with a course in Cardiology of FSBEI HE SamSMU MOH Russia.</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalskaya.an@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9357-9194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Карина Владиславовна — врач-кардиолог ГБУЗ СОККД им. В.П. Полякова; аспирант кафедры пропедевтической терапии с курсом кардиологии ФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karina V. Kuznetsova - cardiologist of SBHI Samara Regional Clinical Cardiological Dispensary named after V.P. Polyakov; Postgraduate student of the Department of Propaedeutic Therapy with a course in Cardiology of FSBEI HE SamSMU MOH Russia.</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karizhirnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-1577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Татьяна Валентиновна — д. м. н., профессор, зав. отделением клинических исследований кафедры пропедевтической терапии с курсом кардиологии ФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Pavlova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Clinical Research Department of the Department of Propaedeutic Therapy with a course in Cardiology of FSBEI HE SamSMU MOH Russia.</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ptvsam63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6453-2976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дупляков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Duplyakov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дупляков Дмитрий Викторович — д. м. н., профессор, зам. главного врача по медицинской части ГБУЗ СОККД им. В.П. Полякова; зав. кафедрой пропедевтической терапии с курсом кардиологии ФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Duplyakov - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, deputy chief physician of SBHI Samara Regional Clinical Cardiological Dispensary named after V.P. Polyakov; Head of the Department of Propaedeutic Therapy with a Course in Cardiology of FSBEI HE SamSMU MOH Russia.</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">duplyakov@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Самарский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России; ГБУЗ Самарский областной клинический кардиологический диспансер им. В.П. Полякова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University; Polyakov Samara Regional Clinical Cardiology Dispensary</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Самарский областной клинический кардиологический диспансер им. В.П. Полякова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Polyakov Samara Regional Clinical Cardiology Dispensary</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>5984</fpage><lpage>5984</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бикбаева Г.Р., Ковальская А.Н., Кузнецова К.В., Павлова Т.В., Дупляков Д.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бикбаева Г.Р., Ковальская А.Н., Кузнецова К.В., Павлова Т.В., Дупляков Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bikbaeva G.R., Kovalskaya A.N., Kuznetsova K.V., Pavlova T.V., Duplyakov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5984">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5984</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель — оценить возможности различных методов визуализации в диагностике уязвимых атеросклеротических бляшек (АСБ) в коронарных артериях и их стабилизации с применением различных режимов гиполипидемической терапии.</p><p>Поиск источников проводился в базе PubMed с использованием следующих ключевых слов: "vulnerable (unstable) plaque" AND "PCSK9 inhibitors" AND "intravascular ultrasound" OR "optical coherence tomography" OR "computed tomography angiography". В итоге было отобрано 8 оригинальных клинических исследований, соответствовавших цели данного обзора. Оценены результаты исследований, проводивших визуализацию АСБ и определение их регресса на фоне различных режимов гиполипидемической терапии — GLAGVO, ODYSSEY J, PACMAN-AMI, HUYGENS, ALTAIR, ARCHITECT и других. Результаты большинства работ установили преимущества комбинированного режима гиполипидемической терапии (статин + ингибитор PCSK9) в снижении числа сердечно-сосудистых осложнений в сравнении с монотерапией статинами. Уменьшение объема АСБ варьировало от 0,95% до 2,13% у пациентов, получавших комбинацию гиполипидемических препаратов, при этом на фоне монотерапии этот показатель увеличился с 0,05% до 0,92% (GLAGOV, PACMAN-AMI). Динамика минимальной толщины фиброзной капсулы варьировала в пределах 18,0-62,67 мкм при применении комбинации препаратов и 13,2-33,19 мкм на фоне монотерапии (PACMAN-AMI, Gao F). Регресс липидной дуги составил 57,5о на фоне комбинированной терапии (статин и ингибитор PCSK9) и 31,4о при приеме одного статина (HUYGENS). Использование визуализирующих методов диагностики предоставляет возможность выявления уязвимых АСБ, что помогает в принятии решения о целесообразности использования комбинированной гиполипидемической терапии. Кроме того, визуализация состояния АСБ позволяет оценивать эффективность проводимого лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim was to evaluate the potential of various imaging methods in the diagnosis of vulnerable coronary plaques and their stabilization using various lipid-lowering therapy regimens.</p><p>The sources were searched in the PubMed database using the following keywords: "vulnerable (unstable) plaque" AND "PCSK9 inhibitors" AND "intravascular ultrasound" OR "optical coherence tomography" OR "computed tomography angiography". As a result, 8 original clinical trials were selected that corresponded to the review purpose. We assessed the results of following studies on plaque imaging and their regression with various lipid-lowering therapy regimens: GLAGVO, ODYSSEY J, PACMAN-AMI, HUYGENS, ALTAIR, ARCHITECT, etc. The results of most studies have established the advantages of a combined regimen of lipid-lowering therapy (statin+PCSK9 inhibitor) in reducing the rate of cardiovascular events in com­parison with statin monotherapy. The reduction in plaque volume ranged from 0,95% to 2,13% in patients receiving a combination of lipid-lowering drugs, while in monotherapy, it increased from 0,05% to 0,92% (GLAGOV, PACMAN-AMI). The changes of minimum fibrous cap thickness varied from 18,0-62,67 µm with combined therapy and 13,2-33,19 µm with monotherapy (PACMAN-AMI, Gao F). Lipid arc regression was 57,5о in combination therapy (statin+PCSK9 inhibitor) and 31,4о in statin monotherapy (HUYGENS). Imaging diagnostic methods makes it possible to identify vulnerable plaques, which helps in consideration of combination lipid-lowering therapy. In addition, plaque visualization makes it possible to evaluate the treatment effectiveness.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уязвимая бляшка</kwd><kwd>внутрисосудистая визуализация</kwd><kwd>внутрисосудистое ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>мультиспиральная компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы PSCK9</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vulnerable plaque</kwd><kwd>intravascular imaging</kwd><kwd>intravascular ultrasound</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>multislice computed tomography</kwd><kwd>PSCK9 inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah PK. Mechanisms of plaque vulnerability and rupture. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;19;41(4):15S-22S. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02834-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah PK. Mechanisms of plaque vulnerability and rupture. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;19;41(4):15S-22S. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02834-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mann JM, Davies MJ. Vulnerable plaque. Relation of characteristics to degree of stenosis in human coronary arteries. Circulation. 1996;94(5):928-31. doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.5.928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mann JM, Davies MJ. Vulnerable plaque. Relation of characteristics to degree of stenosis in human coronary arteries. Circulation. 1996;94(5):928-31. doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.5.928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ako J, Hibi K, Tsujita K, et al. Effect of alirocumab on coronary atheroma volume in japanese patients with acute coronary syndrome — The ODYSSEY J-IVUS trial. Circ J. 2019;83:2025-33. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ako J, Hibi K, Tsujita K, et al. Effect of alirocumab on coronary atheroma volume in japanese patients with acute coronary syndrome — The ODYSSEY J-IVUS trial. Circ J. 2019;83:2025-33. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicholls SJ, Puri R, Anderson T, et al. Effect of Evolocumab on Progression of Coronary Disease in Statin-Treated Patients: The GLAGOV Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;13;316(22):2373-84. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.16951.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicholls SJ, Puri R, Anderson T, et al. Effect of Evolocumab on Progression of Coronary Disease in Statin-Treated Patients: The GLAGOV Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;13;316(22):2373-84. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.16951.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Räber L, Ueki Y, Otsuka T, et al. Effect of alirocumab added to high-intensity statin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the PACMAN-AMI randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327:1771-81. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Räber L, Ueki Y, Otsuka T, et al. Effect of alirocumab added to high-intensity statin thera­py on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the PACMAN-AMI randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327:1771-81. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao F, Wang ZJ, Ma XT, et al. Effect of alirocumab on coronary plaque in patients with coronary artery disease assessed by optical coherence tomography. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;12;20(1):106. doi:10.1186/s12944-021-01528-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao F, Wang ZJ, Ma XT, et al. Effect of alirocumab on coronary plaque in patients with coronary artery disease assessed by optical coherence tomography. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;12;20(1):106. doi:10.1186/s12944-021-01528-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicholls SJ, Kataoka Y, Nissen SE, et al. Effect of Evolocumab on Coronary Plaque Phenotype and Burden in Statin-Treated Patients Following Myocardial Infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022;15(7):1308-21. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.03.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicholls SJ, Kataoka Y, Nissen SE, et al. Effect of Evolocumab on Coronary Plaque Phenotype and Burden in Statin-Treated Patients Following Myocardial Infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022;15(7):1308-21. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.03.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yano H, Horinaka S, Ishimitsu T. Effect of evolocumab therapy on coronary fibrous cap thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Cardiol. 2020;75:289-95. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.08.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yano H, Horinaka S, Ishimitsu T. Effect of evolocumab therapy on coronary fibrous cap thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Cardiol. 2020;75:289-95. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.08.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sugizaki Y, Otake H, Kawamori H, et al. Adding alirocumab to rosuvastatin helps reduce the vulnerability of thin-cap fibroatheroma: an ALTAIR trial report. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13:1452-4. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.01.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sugizaki Y, Otake H, Kawamori H, et al. Adding alirocumab to rosuvastatin helps reduce the vulnerability of thin-cap fibroatheroma: an ALTAIR trial report. JACC Cardio­vasc Imaging. 2020;13:1452-4. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.01.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pérez de Isla L, Díaz-Díaz JL, Romero MJ, et al. Alirocumab and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: The ARCHITECT Study. Circulation. 2023;147(19):1436-43. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062557.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pérez de Isla L, Díaz-Díaz JL, Romero MJ, et al. Alirocumab and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: The ARCHITECT Study. Circulation. 2023;147(19):1436-43. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062557.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fishbein MC. The vulnerable and unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2010;19(1):6-11. doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2008.08.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fishbein MC. The vulnerable and unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2010;19(1):6-11. doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2008.08.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, et al. Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20(5):1262-75. doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.5.1262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, et al. Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20(5):1262-75. doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.5.1262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies MJ. Anatomic features in victims of sudden coronary death: coronary artery pathology. Circulation. 1992;85:119-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies MJ. Anatomic features in victims of sudden coronary death: coronary artery pathology. Circulation. 1992;85:119-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potkin BN, Bartorelli AL, Gessert JM, et al. Coronary artery imaging with intravascular high-frequency ultrasound. Circulation. 1990;81(5):1575-85. doi:10.1161/01.cir.81.5.1575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potkin BN, Bartorelli AL, Gessert JM, et al. Coronary artery imaging with intravascular high-frequency ultrasound. Circulation. 1990;81(5):1575-85. doi:10.1161/01.cir.81.5.1575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Räber L, Mintz GS, Koskinas KC, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 1: guidance and optimization of coronary interventions. An expert consensus document of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(35):3281-300. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Räber L, Mintz GS, Koskinas KC, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 1: guidance and optimization of coronary interventions. An expert consensus document of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(35):3281-300. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fazel R, Yeh RW, Cohen DJ, et al. Intravascular imaging during percutaneous coro­nary intervention: temporal trends and clinical outcomes in the USA. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(38):3845-55. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fazel R, Yeh RW, Cohen DJ, et al. Intravascular imaging during percutaneous coronary intervention: temporal trends and clinical outcomes in the USA. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(38):3845-55. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочергин Н. А., Кочергина А. М. Возможности оптической когерентной томографии и внутрисосудистого ультразвука в выявлении нестабильных бляшек в коронарных артериях. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2022;21(1):2909. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2022-2909.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochergin NA, Kochergina AM. The possibilities of optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound in the detection of unstable plaques in coronary arteries. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2022;21(1):2909. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2022-2909.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nelles G, Abdelwahed YS, Alyaqoob A, et al. Spotty calcium deposits within acute coronary syndrome (ACS)-causing culprit lesions impact inflammatory vessel-wall interac­tions and are associated with higher cardiovascular event rates at one year follow-up: Results from the prospective translational OPTICO-ACS study program. Atherosclerosis. 2023;385:117284. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nelles G, Abdelwahed YS, Alyaqoob A, et al. Spotty calcium deposits within acute coro­nary syndrome (ACS)-causing culprit lesions impact inflammatory vessel-wall interactions and are associated with higher cardiovascular event rates at one year follow-up: Results from the prospective translational OPTICO-ACS study program. Atherosclerosis. 2023;385:117284. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerhardt T, Seppelt C, Abdelwahed YS, et al. Culprit plaque morphology determines inflammatory risk and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(38):3911-25. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerhardt T, Seppelt C, Abdelwahed YS, et al. Culprit plaque morphology determines inflammatory risk and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(38):3911-25. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baaten CCFMJ, Nagy M, Bergmeier W, et al. Platelet biology and function: plaque ero­sion vs. rupture. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(1):18-31. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baaten CCFMJ, Nagy M, Bergmeier W, et al. Platelet biology and function: plaque erosion vs. rupture. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(1):18-31. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gutiérrez-Chico JL, Alegría-Barrero E, Teijeiro-Mestre R, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography From Research to Practice. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2012;13(5):370-84. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jes025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutiérrez-Chico JL, Alegría-Barrero E, Teijeiro-Mestre R, et al. Optical Coherence Tomo­graphy From Research to Practice. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2012;13(5):370-84. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jes025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kume T, Uemura S. Current clinical applications of coronary optical coherence tomo­graphy. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2018;33(1):1-10. doi:10.1007/s12928-017-0483-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kume T, Uemura S. Current clinical applications of coronary optical coherence tomo­graphy. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2018;33(1):1-10. doi:10.1007/s12928-017-0483-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maehara A, Matsumura M, Ali ZA, et al. IVUS-Guided Versus OCT-Guided Coronary Stent Implantation: A Critical Appraisal. JACC CardiovascImaging. 2017;10(12):1487-503. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.09.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maehara A, Matsumura M, Ali ZA, et al. IVUS-Guided Versus OCT-Guided Coronary Stent Implantation: A Critical Appraisal. JACC CardiovascImaging. 2017;10(12):1487-503. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.09.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang DY, Ahn JM, Yun SC, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided or Intravascu­lar Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The OCTIVUS Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation. 2023;148(16):1195-206. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang DY, Ahn JM, Yun SC, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided or Intravascu­lar Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The OCTIVUS Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation. 2023;148(16):1195-206. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourantas CV, Jaffer FA, Gijsen FJ, et al. Hybrid intravascular imaging: recent advances, technical considerations, and current applications in the study of plaque pathophysiology. Eur. Heart J. 2017;38(6):400-12. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw097.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourantas CV, Jaffer FA, Gijsen FJ, et al. Hybrid intravascular imaging: recent advances, technical considerations, and current applications in the study of plaque pathophysiology. Eur. Heart J. 2017;38(6):400-12. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw097.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Legutko J, Bryniarski KL, Kaluza GL, et al. Intracoronary Imaging of Vulnerable Plaque-From Clinical Research to Everyday Practice. J Clin Med. 2022;11(22):6639. doi:10.3390/jcm11226639.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Legutko J, Bryniarski KL, Kaluza GL, et al. Intracoronary Imaging of Vulnerable Plaque-From Clinical Research to Everyday Practice. J Clin Med. 2022;11(22):6639. doi:10.3390/jcm11226639.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubo T, Terada K, Ino Y, et al. Combined Use of Multiple Intravascular Imaging Techniques in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;8:824128. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.824128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubo T, Terada K, Ino Y, et al. Combined Use of Multiple Intravascular Imaging Techniques in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;8:824128. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.824128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gurgoglione FL, Denegri A, Russo M, et al. Intracoronary Imaging of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: From Assessment of Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implication. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(6):5155. doi:10.3390/ijms24065155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurgoglione FL, Denegri A, Russo M, et al. Intracoronary Imaging of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: From Assessment of Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implication. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(6):5155. doi:10.3390/ijms24065155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puchner SB. Liu T, Mayrhofer T, et al. High-risk plaque detected on coronary CT angio­graphy predicts acute coronary syndromes independent of significant stenosis in acute chest pain: results from the ROMICAT-II trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(7):684-92. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puchner SB. Liu T, Mayrhofer T, et al. High-risk plaque detected on coronary CT angiography predicts acute coronary syndromes independent of significant stenosis in acute chest pain: results from the ROMICAT-II trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(7):684-92. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han D, Lin A, Kuronuma K, et al. Association of Plaque Location and Vessel Geometry Determined by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography With Future Acute Coronary Syndrome-Causing Culprit Lesions. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(3):309-19. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5705.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han D, Lin A, Kuronuma K, et al. Association of Plaque Location and Vessel Geometry Determined by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography With Future Acute Coronary Syndrome-Causing Culprit Lesions. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(3):309-19. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5705.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шария М. А., Шабанова М. С., Веселова Т. Н. и др. Сопоставление результатов компьютерной томографии и внутрисосудистого ультразвукового исследования в оценке параметров атеросклеротических бляшек коронарных артерий. Медицинская визуализация. 2018;(4):7-19. doi:10.24835/1607-0763-2018-4-7-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shariya MA, Shabanova MS, Veselova TN, et al. Сomparison of computed tomography with intravascular ultrasound in evaluation of coronary plaques parameters. Medical visualization. 2018;(4):7-19. (In Russ.) doi:10.24835/1607-0763-2018-4-7-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kashiwagi M, Tanaka A, Kitabata H, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between multidetector computed tomography and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound for detecting optical coherence tomography-derived fibroatheroma. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2014;29(2):102-8. doi:10.1007/s12928-013-0219-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashiwagi M, Tanaka A, Kitabata H, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between multidetector computed tomography and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound for detecting optical coherence tomography-derived fibroatheroma. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2014;29(2):102-8. doi:10.1007/s12928-013-0219-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoffmann U, Moselewski F, Nieman K, et al. Noninvasive Assessment of Plaque Morphology and Composition in Culprit and Stable Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Lesions in Stable Angina by Multidetector Computed Tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(8):1655-62. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.01.041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoffmann U, Moselewski F, Nieman K, et al. Noninvasive Assessment of Plaque Mor­phology and Composition in Culprit and Stable Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Lesions in Stable Angina by Multidetector Computed Tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(8):1655-62. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.01.041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pundziute G, Schuijf JD, Jukema JW, et al. Head-to-Head Comparison of Coronary Plaque Evaluation Between Multislice Computed Tomography and Intravascular Ultrasound Radiofrequency Data Analysis. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2008;1(2):176-82. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2008.01.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pundziute G, Schuijf JD, Jukema JW, et al. Head-to-Head Comparison of Coronary Plaque Evaluation Between Multislice Computed Tomography and Intravascular Ultrasound Radiofrequency Data Analysis. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2008;1(2):176-82. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2008.01.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinoshita D, Suzuki K, Usui E, et al. High-Risk Plaques on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: Correlation With Optical Coherence Tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024;17(4):382-91. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.08.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinoshita D, Suzuki K, Usui E, et al. High-Risk Plaques on Coronary Computed Tomo­graphy Angiography: Correlation With Optical Coherence Tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024;17(4):382-91. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.08.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallone G, Bellettini M, Gatti M, et al. Coronary Plaque Characteristics Associated With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atherosclerotic Patients and Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;16(12):1584-604. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.08.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallone G, Bellettini M, Gatti M, et al. Coronary Plaque Characteristics Associated With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atherosclerotic Patients and Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;16(12):1584-604. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.08.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rudd JH, Myers KS, Bansilal S, et al. Atherosclerosis inflammation imaging with 18F-FDG PET: carotid, iliac, and femoral uptake reproducibility, quantification methods, and recommendations. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(6):871-8. doi:10.2967/jnumed.107.050294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudd JH, Myers KS, Bansilal S, et al. Atherosclerosis inflammation imaging with 18F-FDG PET: carotid, iliac, and femoral uptake reproducibility, quantification methods, and recommendations. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(6):871-8. doi:10.2967/jnumed.107.050294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J, On YK, Lee EJ, et al. Reversal of vascular 18F-FDG uptake with plasma high-density lipoprotein elevation by atherogenic risk reduction. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(8):1277-82. doi:10.2967/jnumed.108.052233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J, On YK, Lee EJ, et al. Reversal of vascular 18F-FDG uptake with plasma high-density lipoprotein elevation by atherogenic risk reduction. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(8):1277-82. doi:10.2967/jnumed.108.052233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rogers IS, Nasir K, Figueroa AL, et al. Feasibility of FDG imaging of the coronary arteries: comparison between acute coronary syndrome and stable angina. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3(4):388-97. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.01.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogers IS, Nasir K, Figueroa AL, et al. Feasibility of FDG imaging of the coronary arteries: comparison between acute coronary syndrome and stable angina. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3(4):388-97. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.01.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rudd JH, Narula J, Strauss HW, et al. Imaging atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by fluorodeoxyglucose with positron emission tomography: ready for prime time? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(23):2527-35. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.061.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudd JH, Narula J, Strauss HW, et al. Imaging atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by fluorodeoxyglucose with positron emission tomography: ready for prime time? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(23):2527-35. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.061.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ежов М. В., Кухарчук В. В., Сергиенко И. В. и др. Нарушения липидного обмена. Клинические рекомендации 2023. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2023;28(5):5471. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ezhov MV, Kukharchuk VV, Sergienko IV, et al. Disorders of lipid metabolism. Clinical Guidelines 2023. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2023;28(5):5471. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5471.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шикалева А. А., Максимов М. Л., Киселева Н. М. и др. Ингибиторы пропротеин конвертазы субтилизин/ кексин типа 9 (PCSK9) в лечении дислипидемии. Медицинский Совет. 2020;(21):12-8. doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2020-21-12-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shikaleva AA, Maximov ML, Kiseleva NM, et al. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Medical Council. 2020;(21):12-8. (In Russ.) doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2020-21-12-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson JG. Contemporary evidence-based guidelines: practice based on the stron­gest evidence. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(9):1176-82. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson JG. Contemporary evidence-based guidelines: practice based on the stron­gest evidence. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(9):1176-82. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nissen SE, Stroes E, Dent-Acosta RE, et al.; GAUSS-3 Investigators. Efficacy and Tole­rability of Evolocumab vs Ezetimibe in Patients With Muscle-Related Statin Intolerance: The GAUSS-3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315(15):1580-90. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.3608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nissen SE, Stroes E, Dent-Acosta RE, et al.; GAUSS-3 Investigators. Efficacy and Tolerability of Evolocumab vs Ezetimibe in Patients With Muscle-Related Statin Intolerance: The GAUSS-3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315(15):1580-90. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.3608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raal FJ, Stein EA, Dufour R, et al. RUTHERFORD-2 Investigators. PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9965):331-40. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61399-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raal FJ, Stein EA, Dufour R, et al. RUTHERFORD-2 Investigators. PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9965):331-40. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61399-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cannon CP, Cariou B, Blom D, et al. ODYSSEY COMBO II Investigators. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in high cardiovascular risk patients with inadequately controlled hypercholesterolaemia on maximally tolerated doses of statins: the ODYSSEY COMBO II randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(19):1186-94. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cannon CP, Cariou B, Blom D, et al. ODYSSEY COMBO II Investigators. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in high cardiovascular risk patients with inadequately controlled hypercholesterolaemia on maximally tolerated doses of statins: the ODYSSEY COMBO II randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(19):1186-94. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suzuki N, Yokoi T, Kimura T, et al. Risk Factors for Vulnerable Plaque Detected Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Receiving Statin Therapy with No History of Coro­nary Artery Disease. Int Heart J. 2023;64(4):577-83. doi:10.1536/ihj.23-011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suzuki N, Yokoi T, Kimura T, et al. Risk Factors for Vulnerable Plaque Detected Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Receiving Statin Therapy with No History of Coro­nary Artery Disease. Int Heart J. 2023;64(4):577-83. doi:10.1536/ihj.23-011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
