<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2024-5803</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">YEEWYT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-5803</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОЦЕНКА РИСКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Артериальная жесткость и эндотелиальная функция в отдалённом периоде после перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arterial stiffness and endothelial function in the long-term period after a coronavirus disease 2019</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-8328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарь</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondar</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бондарь Светлана Александровна — м. н. с. НИЛ новой коронавирусной инфекции и постковидного синдрома НЦМУ "Центра персонифицированной медицины"</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Bondar</p><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bondar_sa@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-9772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ротарь</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rotar</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ротарь Оксана Петровна — д.м.н., г.н.с. НИЛ эпидемиологии неинфекционных заболеваний, зав. НИЛ популяционной генетики НИО генетических рисков и персонифицированной профилактики НЦМУ "Центра персонифицированной медицины"</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana P. Rotar</p><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rotar'_op@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0838-5390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Могучая</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moguchaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Могучая Екатерина Викторовна — н.с. НИЛ популяционной генетики НИО генетических рисков и персонифицированной профилактики НЦМУ "Центра персонифицированной медицины"</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Moguchaya</p><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moguchaya_ev@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5601-0668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бояринова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyarinova</surname><given-names>M. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бояринова Мария Анатольевна — н.с. НИЛ популяционной генетики НИО генетических рисков и персонифицированной профилактики НЦМУ "Центра персонифицированной медицины</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Boyarinova</p><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boyarinova_ma@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1073-3844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колесова Екатерина Павловна — к.м.н., в.н.с. популяционной генетики НИО генетических рисков и персонифицированной профилактики НЦМУ "Центра персонифицированной медицины"</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina P. Kolesova</p><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolesova_ep@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-8873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Елена Юрьевна — к.м.н., зав. центральной клинико-диагностической лаборатории</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Yu. Vasilyeva</p><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasil'eva_eyu@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6066-3525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайловна</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлова Арина Алексеевна — м. н. с. НИЛ новой коронавирусной инфекции и пост-ковидного синдрома НЦМУ "Центра персонифицированной медицины"</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina A. Mikhailova</p><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhaylova_a_a@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-0123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каронова</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karonova</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каронова Татьяна Леонидовна — д.м.н., руководитель научно-исследовательской лаборатории клинической эндокринологии, зав. НИЛ новой коронавирусной инфекции и пост-ковидного синдрома НЦМУ "Центра персонифицированной медицины", профессор кафедры эндокринологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana L. Karonova</p><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karonova_tl@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-7812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конради</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konradi</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Конради Александра Олеговна — д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, зам. генерального директора по научной работе</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandran O. Konradi</p><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">konradi_ao@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>5803</fpage><lpage>5803</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бондарь С.А., Ротарь О.П., Могучая Е.В., Бояринова М.А., Колесова Е.П., Васильева Е.Ю., Михайловна А.А., Каронова Т.Л., Конради А.О., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бондарь С.А., Ротарь О.П., Могучая Е.В., Бояринова М.А., Колесова Е.П., Васильева Е.Ю., Михайловна А.А., Каронова Т.Л., Конради А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bondar S.A., Rotar O.P., Moguchaya E.V., Boyarinova M.А., Kolesova E.P., Vasilyeva E.Y., Mikhailova A.A., Karonova T.L., Konradi A.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5803">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5803</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить эндотелиальную функцию и артериальную жесткость в динамике в долгосрочном периоде у пациентов после госпитализации c новой коронавирусной инфекцией (COVID-19) и сравнить их с группой контроля.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Пятьдесят три пациента старше 18 лет, проходивших стационарное лечение по поводу COVID-19 в июне — августе 2021г, обследовали на двух визитах: первый — через 10-16 мес., второй — через 14-23 мес. после выписки из стационара. Группа контроля — 53 пациента эпидемиологического исследования ЭССЕ-РФ популяционной выборки Санкт-Петербурга, не болевших СOVID-19, подобранные по полу, статусу курения, наличию артериальной гипертензии и сахарного диабета 2 типа. Эндотелиальная функция оценивалась по уровням молекул адгезии сосудистого эндотелия 1 типа (VCAM-1) и фактора фон Виллебранда (vWF) в плазме и по индексу реактивной гиперемии (lnRHI) на приборе EndoPAT 2000. На устройстве SphygmoCor определяли скорость пульсовой волны на каротидно-феморальном сегменте (кфСПВ), на устройстве VaSera — сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс (СЛСИ) и лодыжечно-плечевой индекс (ЛПИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Распространенность наличия нарушений сосудодвигательной функции эндотелия на первом и втором визитах в активной группе значимо не различалась: lnRHI £0,51 — 21% и 21%, кфСПВ &gt;10 м/с — 17% и 14%, а СЛСИ &gt;9 — 28% и 34%, соответственно. Уровень VCAM-1 плазмы был значимо выше при госпитализации, чем на первом и втором визитах, различий между визитами получено не было. Показатели vWF, lnRHI, кфСПВ, СЛСИ, ЛПИ на первом и втором визитах значимо не отличались. Пациенты после COVID-19 отличались от контрольной группы только значимо более высоким уровнем ЛПИ на втором визите. По результатам ковариационного анализа СOVID-19 ассоциирован с увеличением СЛСИ на первом визите, а также с повышением ЛПИ на обоих визитах.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов после перенесенной СOVID-19, потребовавшей госпитализации, при наблюдении в течение 1,5-2 лет наблюдается снижение плазменного показателя эндотелиальной дисфункции VCAM-1. Отсутствует динамика изменений эндотелиальной функции и артериальной жесткости на промежутке времени от 10-16 мес. до 14-23 мес. после госпитализации с COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess endothelial function and arterial stiffness over time in patients after hospitalization with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare them with a control group.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A total of 53 patients over 18 years of age were hospitalized for COVID-19 in June — August 2021 was examined at two visits: the first — 10-16 months, the second — 14-23 months after discharge from the hospital. Control group included 53 patients from the ESSE-RF epidemiological study of a St. Petersburg population who did not have COVID-19, selected by sex, status of smoking, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Endothelial function was assessed by the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in plasma and the reactive hyperemia index (lnRHI) on the EndoPAT 2000 system. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was determined using the SphygmoCor device, while cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) — using the VaSera device.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The prevalence of endothelial vasomotor function disorders at the first and second visits in the active group did not differ significantly as follows: lnRHI £0,51 — 21% and 21%, cfPWV &gt;10 m/s — 17% and 14%, and SLSI &gt;9 — 28% and 34%, respectively. Plasma VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher during hospitalization than at the first and second visits — no differences were found between visits. The levels of lnRHI, vWF, cfPWV, CAVI, ABI at the first and second visits did not differ significantly. Post-COVID-19 patients differed from the control group only by a significantly higher ABI level at the second visit. According to the analysis of covariance, COVID-19 is associated with a CAVI increase at the first visit, as well as with an increase in ABI at both visits.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The 1,5-2-year follow-up of patients after COVID-19, which required hospitalization, showed a decrease in the plasma endothelial dysfunction parameter VCAM-1. There is no changes in endothelial function and arterial stiffness over a period of time from 10-16 months to 14-23 months after hospitalization with COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>СOVID-19</kwd><kwd>эндотелий</kwd><kwd>артериальная жесткость</kwd><kwd>VCAM-1</kwd><kwd>фактор фон Виллебранда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>endothelium</kwd><kwd>arterial stiffness</kwd><kwd>VCAM-1</kwd><kwd>von Willebrand factor</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Соглашение № 075-15-2022-301 от 20.04.2022)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Contract № 075-15-2022-301)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022;28(3):583-90. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022;28(3):583-90. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ambrosino P, Calcaterra IL, Mosella M, et al. Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: A Unifying Mechanism and a Potential Therapeutic Target. Biomedicines. 2022;10(4):812. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10040812.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ambrosino P, Calcaterra IL, Mosella M, et al. Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: A Unifying Mechanism and a Potential Therapeutic Target. Biomedicines. 2022;10(4):812. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10040812.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Rooij LPMH, Becker LM, Carmeliet P. A Role for the Vascular Endothelium in PostAcute COVID-19? Circulation. 2022;145(20):1503-5. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Rooij LPMH, Becker LM, Carmeliet P. A Role for the Vascular Endothelium in PostAcute COVID-19? Circulation. 2022;145(20):1503-5. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noels H, Weber C, Koenen RR. Chemokines as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39(4):583-92. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.312037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noels H, Weber C, Koenen RR. Chemokines as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39(4):583-92. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.312037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu SW, Ilyas I, Weng JP. Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: an overview of evidence, biomarkers, mechanisms and potential therapies. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023;44(4): 695-709. doi:10.1038/s41401-022-00998-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu SW, Ilyas I, Weng JP. Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: an overview of evidence, biomarkers, mechanisms and potential therapies. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023;44(4): 695-709. doi:10.1038/s41401-022-00998-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong M, Jiang Y, Xia D, et al. Elevated Expression of Serum Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in COVID-19 Patients. J Infect Dis. 2020;222(6):894-8. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa349.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong M, Jiang Y, Xia D, et al. Elevated Expression of Serum Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in COVID-19 Patients. J Infect Dis. 2020;222(6):894-8. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa349.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельникова Ю.С., Макарова Т.П. (In Russ.) Эндотелиальная дисфункция как центральное звено патогенеза хронических болезней. Казанский медицинский журнал. 2015;96(4):659-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mel'nikova YuS, Makarova TP. Endothelial dysfunction as the key link of chronic diseases pathogenesis. Kazan medical journal. 2015;96(4):659-65. (In Russ.) Мельникова Ю.С., Макарова Т.П. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Six I, Guillaume N, Jacob V, et al. The Endothelium and COVID-19: An Increasingly Clear Link Brief Title: Endotheliopathy in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(11):6196. doi:10.3390/ijms23116196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Six I, Guillaume N, Jacob V, et al. The Endothelium and COVID-19: An Increasingly Clear Link Brief Title: Endotheliopathy in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(11):6196. doi:10.3390/ijms23116196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шабров А.В., Апресян А.Г., Добкес А.Л. и др. Современные методы оценки эндотелиальной дисфункции и возможности их применения в практической медицине. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2016;12(6):733-42. doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2016-12-6-733-742.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shabrov AV, Apresyan AG, Dobkes AL, et al. Current Methods of Endothelial Dysfunction Assessment and their Possible Use in the Practical Medicine. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2016;12(6):733-42. (In Russ.) doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2016-12-6-733-742.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanoli L, Briet M, Empana JP, et al. Vascular consequences of inflammation: a position statement from the ESH Working Group on Vascular Structure and Function and the ARTERY Society. J Hypertens. 2020;38(9):1682-98. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002508.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanoli L, Briet M, Empana JP, et al. Vascular consequences of inflammation: a position statement from the ESH Working Group on Vascular Structure and Function and the ARTERY Society. J Hypertens. 2020;38(9):1682-98. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002508.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васюк Ю.А., Иванова С.В., Школьник Е.Л. и др. Согласованное мнение российских экспертов по оценке артериальной жесткости в клинической практике. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2016;15(2):4- 19. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2016-2-4-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasyuk YuA, Ivanova SV, Shkolnik EL, et al. Consensus of Russian experts on the evaluation of arterial stiffness in clinical practice. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2016;15(2):4-19. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2016-2-4-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyoshi T, Ito H. Arterial stiffness in health and disease: The role of cardio-ankle vascular index. J Cardiol. 2021;78(6):493-501. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.07.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyoshi T, Ito H. Arterial stiffness in health and disease: The role of cardio-ankle vascular index. J Cardiol. 2021;78(6):493-501. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.07.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lambadiari V, Mitrakou A, Kountouri A, et al. Association of COVID-19 with impaired endothelial glycocalyx, vascular function and myocardial deformation 4 months after infection. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(11):1916-26. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lambadiari V, Mitrakou A, Kountouri A, et al. Association of COVID-19 with impaired endothelial glycocalyx, vascular function and myocardial deformation 4 months after infection. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(11):1916-26. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikonomidis I, Lambadiari V, Mitrakou A, et al. Myocardial work and vascular dysfunction are partially improved at 12 months after COVID-19 infection. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(4): 727-9. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikonomidis I, Lambadiari V, Mitrakou A, et al. Myocardial work and vascular dysfunction are partially improved at 12 months after COVID-19 infection. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(4): 727-9. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Недогода С.В., Ледяева А.А., Саласюк А.С. и др. Влияние перенесенного COVID-19 на эластичность сосудов и функцию печени у пациентов с избыточной массой тела. Профилактическая медицина. 2023;26(2):69- 78. doi:10.17116/profmed20232602169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nedogoda SV, Ledyaeva AA, Salasyuk AS, et al. The effect of COVID-19 on vascular elasticity and liver function in overweight patients. The Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2023;26(2):69-78. (In Russ.) doi:10.17116/profmed20232602169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butlin M, Qasem A. Large Artery Stiffness Assessment Using SphygmoCor Technology. Pulse (Basel). 2017;4(4):180-92. doi:10.1159/000452448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butlin M, Qasem A. Large Artery Stiffness Assessment Using SphygmoCor Technology. Pulse (Basel). 2017;4(4):180-92. doi:10.1159/000452448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кобалава Ж.Д., Конради А.О., Недогода С.В. и др. Артериальная гипертензия у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(3):3786. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobalava ZhD, Konradi AO, Nedogoda SV, et al. Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines 2020. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(3):3786. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(9):763-816. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(9):763-816. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh V, Kaur R, Kumari P, et al. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1: Gatekeepers in various inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders. Clin Chim Acta. 2023;548:117487. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2023.117487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh V, Kaur R, Kumari P, et al. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1: Gatekeepers in various inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders. Clin Chim Acta. 2023;548:117487. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2023.117487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Москалец О.В. Молекулы клеточной адгезии ICAM-1 и VCAM-1 при инфекционной патологии. Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. 2018;(2):21-5. doi:10.17238/PmJ1609-1175.2018.2.21-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moskalets OV. Molecules of cellular adhesion ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in infectious pathology. Pacific Medical Journal. 2018;(2):21-5. (In Russ.) doi:10.17238/PmJ1609-1175.2018.2.21-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Troncoso MF, Ortiz-Quintero J, Garrido-Moreno V, et al. VCAM-1 as a predictor biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2021;1867(9):166170. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Troncoso MF, Ortiz-Quintero J, Garrido-Moreno V, et al. VCAM-1 as a predictor biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2021;1867(9):166170. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Copur S, Berkkan M, Basile C, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and kidney diseases: what do we know? J Nephrol. 2022;35(3):795-805. doi:10.1007/s40620-022-01296-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Copur S, Berkkan M, Basile C, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and kidney diseases: what do we know? J Nephrol. 2022;35(3):795-805. doi:10.1007/s40620-022-01296-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chawla LS, Bellomo R, Bihorac A, et al. Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(4):241-57. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chawla LS, Bellomo R, Bihorac A, et al. Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(4):241-57. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aydın E, Kant A, Yilmaz G. Evaluation of the cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022;68(1):73-6. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20210781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aydın E, Kant A, Yilmaz G. Evaluation of the cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022;68(1):73-6. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20210781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Resnick HE, Lindsay RS, McDermott MM, et al. Relationship of high and low ankle brachial index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation. 2004;109(6):733-9. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000112642.63927.54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Resnick HE, Lindsay RS, McDermott MM, et al. Relationship of high and low ankle brachial index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation. 2004;109(6):733-9. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000112642.63927.54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
