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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5439</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-5439</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гипертоническая болезнь у женщин  в пери- и постменопаузе – патофизиологические  механизмы и подходы к лечению</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hypertension in peri- and postmenopausal women — pathophysiological mechanisms and approaches to treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-0076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой им. акад. Г. Ф. Ланга</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of Internal Diseases № 1</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranova.grant2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-7977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кацап</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katsap</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии с клиникой им. акад. Г. Ф. Ланга</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor,  Department of Internal Diseases № 1</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annakatsap@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0668-2490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесник</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnik</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии с клиникой им. акад. Г. Ф. Ланга</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor,  Department of Internal Diseases № 1</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleskol@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-7149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардио­логии с клиникой им. акад. Г. Ф. Ланга</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor,  Department of Internal Diseases № 1</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lebedeva-evl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>5439</fpage><lpage>5439</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранова Е.И., Кацап А.А., Колесник О.С., Лебедева Е.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранова Е.И., Кацап А.А., Колесник О.С., Лебедева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranova E.I., Katsap A.A., Kolesnik O.S., Lebedeva E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5439">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5439</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре приведены эпидемиологические данные о влиянии половых гормонов и репродуктивного статуса на уровень артериального давления (АД) и встречаемость гипертонической болезни (ГБ) у женщин. Обсуждается роль дефицита эстрогенов и гиперандрогении, свойственных пери- и постменопаузе, в развитии ГБ в климактерическом периоде и охарактеризованы основные механизмы патогенеза ГБ у этих женщин: высокая активность симпатической нервной системы, ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы, солечувствительность, высокая распространённость абдоминального ожирения, метаболического синдрома, гипертрофии левого желудочка, дилатации левого предсердия с высоким риском развития фибрилляции предсердий, инсульта, риск сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса левого желудочка. Приведены данные об эффективности и переносимости основных классов антигипертензивных препаратов у женщин. Обсуждается механизм действия селективного агониста I1-имидазолиновых рецепторов моксонидина и результаты когортных исследований этого препарата, в т.ч. в составе комбинированной антигипертензивной терапии или в сочетании с гормональной менопаузальной терапией, у женщин в пери- и постменопаузе. Терапия моксонидином не только эффективно снижает высокое АД в пери- и постменопаузе и оказывает благоприятное влияние на компоненты метаболического синдрома, но также эффективна при резком повышении АД, особенно, у больных с симпатикотонией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review presents epidemiological data on the effect of sex hormones and reproductive status on the level of blood pressure (BP) and the incidence of es­sential hypertension (EHT) in women. The role of estrogen deprivation and hyper­androgenism in the development of EHT in peri- and postmenopause is discussed. The main mechanisms of EHT in periand postmenopausal women: sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system hyperactivity, salt-sensitivity, high prevalence of abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial dilatation and high risk of atrial fibrillation, stroke and heart failure with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction. Data on the efficacy and tolerability of the main classes of antihypertensive drugs in women is presented. We discussed the mechanisms of selective I1-imidazoline receptor agonists and the results of cohort studies of moxonidine monotherapy and its combination with other antihypertensive drugs and hormonal menopausal therapy in peri- and post­menopausal women. Moxonidine reduces high blood pressure in peri- and postmenopausal women and has a beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome components, but is also effective in patients with hypertensive crises, especially with sympathetic hyperactivity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипертоническая болезнь</kwd><kwd>эстрогены</kwd><kwd>перименопауза</kwd><kwd>постменопауза</kwd><kwd>симпатикотония</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>моксонидин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>essential hypertension</kwd><kwd>estrogens</kwd><kwd>perimenopause</kwd><kwd>postmenopause</kwd><kwd>sympathetic hyperactivity</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>moxonidine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi-Kangevari M, et al. 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