<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5373</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-5373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОСТРАЯ И ХРОНИЧЕСКАЯ И СЕРДЕЧНАЯ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEART FAILURE. ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие острой декомпенсации сердечной недостаточности у больных с предиабетом: связь с факторами риска и коморбидной патологией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acute decompensated heart failure in patients with prediabetes: relationship with risk factors and comorbidities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-5186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козиолова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koziolova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козиолова Наталья Андреевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней № 2.</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nakoziolova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-4282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронова Снежана Владимировна — кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней № 2.</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sv.mironova.2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5480-2736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улыбина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulybina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Улыбина Елизавета Владимировна — ординатор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней № 2.</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laulybina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. Е.А. Вагнера Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>5373</fpage><lpage>5373</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козиолова Н.А., Миронова С.В., Улыбина Е.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козиолова Н.А., Миронова С.В., Улыбина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koziolova N.A., Mironova S.V., Ulybina E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5373">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5373</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить частоту встречаемости, факторы риска развития и особенности течения острой декомпенсации сердечной недостаточности (ОДСН) у больных с предиабетом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В течение 24 мес. в условиях кардиологического отделения многопрофильного стационара в исследование было последовательно включено 426 больных с ОДСН, из них 136, которые соответствовали критериям включения и не имели критериев исключения, были разделены на 2 группы в зависимости от наличия или отсутствия предиабета. Первую группу составил 51 (37,5%) больной с предиабетом, вторую — 85 (62,5%) больных без данной патологии. ОДСН верифицировали на основании быстрого нарастания симптомов и признаков гипоперфузии. Предиабет определяли в соответствии с критериями Всемирной организации здравоохранения. Уровень риска развития сахарного диабета (СД) 2 типа определяли с помощью онлайн-калькулятора шкалы FINDRISC. В первые 48 ч от начала госпитализации проводилась эхокардиография. Концентрацию N-концевого промозгового натрийуретического пептида (NT-proBNP), цистатина С в сыворотке крови определяли с помощью иммуноферментного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Частота встречаемости предиабета среди больных с ОДСН по обращаемости в кардиологический стационар в течение 24 мес. составила 37,5%. У 9,8% предиабет был верифицирован до госпитализации. Больные с предиабетом и ОДСН были моложе, чаще регистрировалось ожирение с индексом массы тела (ИМТ) &gt;30 кг/м2, была больше окружность талии, чаще регистрировалась неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени по результатам увеличения трансаминаз в анамнезе. У больных ОДСН и предиабетом были более выражены симптомы застоя, регистрировалась более высокая их частота, а также частота фенотипа "влажный-теплый". Доза спиронолактона была выше при госпитализации в группе больных с ОДСН и предиабетом. В этой же группе лечение в стационаре было более длительным. Частота ОДСН с сохраненной и умеренно сниженной фракцией выброса (ФВ) левого желудочка (ЛЖ), выраженность диастолической дисфункции (ДД) ЛЖ, индекс массы миокарда ЛЖ у больных с ИМТ &gt;30 кг/м2, индексированный объем левого предсердия, систолическое давление в легочной артерии были статистически значимо выше в группе больных с ОДСН и предиабетом. При высоком риске развития СД 2 типа были статистически значимо выше концентрации NT-proBNP, триглицерид/глюкозного индекса, цистатина С, выраженность ДД ЛЖ, ниже — скорость клубочковой фильтрации.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Развитие ОДСН у больных предиабетом взаимосвязано с множественными факторами риска и коморбидной патологией, характеризуется более выраженными признаками застоя, более длительной госпитализацией, преимущественно сохраненной и умеренно сниженной ФВ ЛЖ в сочетании с тяжелой ДД ЛЖ, гипертрофией ЛЖ и активацией неспецифического воспаления.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To determine the incidence, risk factors and course of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in patients with prediabetes.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Within 24 months, 426 patients hospitalized to cardiology department of a multidisciplinary hospital with ADHF were consecutively included in the study. In addition, 136 patients who met the inclusion criteria and did not have exclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups depending on prediabetes presence. The first group consisted of 51 (37,5%) patients with prediabetes, the second — 85 (62,5%) patients without this pathology. ADHF was verified based on a rapid increase in symptoms and signs of hypoperfusion. Prediabetes was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. The risk level for type 2 diabetes was determined using the FINDRISC online calculator. In the first 48 hours of hospitalization, echocardiography was performed. The serum concentration of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cystatin C was determined using enzyme immunoassay.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The incidence of prediabetes among patients with ADHF was 37,5%. In 9,8%, prediabetes was verified prior to hospitalization. Patients with prediabetes and ADHF were younger and were more likely to have obesity with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 30 kg/m2, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and higher waist circumference. In patients with ADHF and prediabetes, congestion symptoms were more pronounced, their higher frequency was recorded, as well as the frequency of wet-warm phenotype. Spironolactone dose was higher during hospitalization in the group of patients with ADHF and prediabetes. In the same group, the duration of hospitalization was longer. Prevalence of ADHF with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF), severity of LV diastolic dysfunction (DD), LV mass index in patients with BMI &gt;30 g/m2, left atrial volume index, pulmonary artery systolic pressure were significantly higher in the group of patients with ADHF and prediabetes. At a high risk of type 2 diabetes, the concentrations of NT-proBNP, triglyceride/glucose index, cystatin C, LV diastolic dysfunction severity were significantly higher, and the glomerular filtration rate was lower.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The development of ADHF in patients with prediabetes is interrelated with multiple risk factors and comorbidities, characterized by more pronounced congestion, longer hospitalization, predominantly preserved and mildly reduced EF in combination with severe LVDD, LV hypertrophy, and activation of nonspecific inflammation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острая декомпенсация сердечной недостаточности</kwd><kwd>предиабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute decompensated heart failure</kwd><kwd>prediabetes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Окунев И. М., Кочергина А. М., Кашталап В. В. Хроническая и острая декомпенсированная сердечная недостаточность: актуальные вопросы. Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 2022;11(2):184-95. doi:10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-2-184-195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okunev IM, Kochergina AM, Kashtalap VV. Chronic and acute decompensated heart failure: actual issues. Complex problems of cardiovascular diseases. 2022;11(2):184-95. (In Russ). doi:10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-2-184-195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dauriz M, Mantovani A, Bonapace S, et al. Prognostic Impact of Diabetes on Long-term Survival Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(11):1597-605. doi:10.2337/dc17-0697.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dauriz M, Mantovani A, Bonapace S, et al. Prognostic Impact of Diabetes on Long-term Survival Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(11):1597-605. doi:10.2337/dc17-0697.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai X, Liu X, Sun L, et al. Prediabetes and the risk of heart failure: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23(8):1746-53. doi:10.1111/dom.14388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai X, Liu X, Sun L, et al. Prediabetes and the risk of heart failure: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23(8):1746-53. doi:10.1111/dom.14388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kristensen SL, Jhund PS, Lee MMY, et al.; CHARM Investigators and Committees. Prevalence of Prediabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes in Patients with HFpEF and HFrEF and Associated Clinical Outcomes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2017;31(5-6):545-9. doi:10.1007/s10557-017-6754-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kristensen SL, Jhund PS, Lee MMY, et al.; CHARM Investigators and Committees. Prevalence of Prediabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes in Patients with HFpEF and HFrEF and Associated Clinical Outcomes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2017;31(5-6):545-9. doi:10.1007/s10557-017-6754-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honigberg MC, Zekavat SM, Pirruccello JP, et al. Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes Across the Glycemic Spectrum: Insights From the UK Biobank. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78(5):453-64. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.05.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honigberg MC, Zekavat SM, Pirruccello JP, et al. Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes Across the Glycemic Spectrum: Insights From the UK Biobank. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78(5):453-64. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.05.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Починка И. Г., Стронгин Л. Г., Ботова С. Н. и др. Влияние сахарного диабета 2-го типа на 5-аетнюю выживаемость пациентов, госпитализированных с острой декомпенсацией сердечной недостаточности. Кардиология. 2017;57(9):14-9. doi:10.18087/cardio.2017.9.10027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pochinka IG, Strongin LG, Botova SN, et al. Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Five-Year Survival of Patients Hospitalized Because of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Kardiologiia. 2017;57(9):14-9. (In Russ.) doi:10.18087/cardio.2017.9.10027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Deswal A, et al. Contributory Risk and Management of Comorbidities of Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, and Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(23):e535-e78. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000450.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Deswal A, et al. Contributory Risk and Management of Comorbidities of Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, and Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(23):e535-e78. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000450.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевелёк А. Н. Взаимосвязь плазменных уровней альдостерона и показателей углеводного обмена при хронической сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(1):3991. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-3991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevelek AN. Interrelation of plasma levels of aldosterone and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2021;26(1):3991. (In Russ). doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-3991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вайсберг А. Р., Тарловская Е. И., Фомин И. В. и др. Нарушения углеводного обмена у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью по данным локального регистра. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(3):4330. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaisberg AR, Tarlovskaya EI, Fomin IV, et al. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with chronic heart failure according to the local register. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2021;26(3):4330. (In Russ). doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khoo K, Lew J, Neef P, et al. Routine use of HbA1c amongst inpatients hospitalised with decompensated heart failure and the association of dysglycaemia with outcomes. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):13564. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31473-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khoo K, Lew J, Neef P, et al. Routine use of HbA1c amongst inpatients hospitalised with decompensated heart failure and the association of dysglycaemia with outcomes. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):13564. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31473-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindström J, Absetz P, Hemiö K, et al. Reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes with nutrition and physical activity — efficacy and implementation of lifestyle interventions in Finland. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(6A):993-9. doi:10.1017/S1368980010000960.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindström J, Absetz P, Hemiö K, et al. Reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes with nutrition and physical activity — efficacy and implementation of lifestyle interventions in Finland. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(6A):993-9. doi:10.1017/S1368980010000960.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Håkansson E, Brunström M, Norberg H, et al. Prevalence and treatment of diabetes and pre-diabetes in a real-world heart failure population: a single-centre cross-sectional study. Open Heart. 2022;9(2):e002133. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2022-002133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Håkansson E, Brunström M, Norberg H, et al. Prevalence and treatment of diabetes and pre-diabetes in a real-world heart failure population: a single-centre cross-sectional study. Open Heart. 2022;9(2):e002133. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2022-002133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu W, Shi P, Fu J, et al. Development and application of a novel model to predict the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among lean pre-diabetics with normal blood lipid levels. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21(1):149. doi:10.1186/s12944-022-01752-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu W, Shi P, Fu J, et al. Development and application of a novel model to predict the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among lean pre-diabetics with normal blood lipid levels. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21(1):149. doi:10.1186/s12944-022-01752-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lo CI, Lai YH, Chang SN, et al. The associations among co-morbidity, cardiac geometries and mechanics in hospitalized heart failure with or without preserved ejection fraction. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2017;39(5):473-80. doi:10.1080/10641963.2016.1273947.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lo CI, Lai YH, Chang SN, et al. The associations among co-morbidity, cardiac geometries and mechanics in hospitalized heart failure with or without preserved ejection fraction. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2017;39(5):473-80. doi:10.1080/10641963.2016.1273947.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz-Garcia A, Arranz-Martínez E, Iturmendi-Martínez N, et al. Prevalence rates of chronic kidney disease and its association with cardiometabolic factors and cardiovascular diseases. SIMETAP-CKD study. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2022:S0214-9168(22)00102-4. English, Spanish. doi:10.1016/j.arteri.2022.07.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz-Garcia A, Arranz-Martínez E, Iturmendi-Martínez N, et al. Prevalence rates of chronic kidney disease and its association with cardiometabolic factors and cardiovascular diseases. SIMETAP-CKD study. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2022:S0214-9168(22)00102-4. English, Spanish. doi:10.1016/j.arteri.2022.07.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de la Espriella R, Navarro J, Mollar A, et al. Long-Term Prognostic Impact of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate on Admission in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure. Cardiorenal Med. 2022;12(4):179-88. doi:10.1159/000526105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de la Espriella R, Navarro J, Mollar A, et al. Long-Term Prognostic Impact of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate on Admission in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure. Cardiorenal Med. 2022;12(4):179-88. doi:10.1159/000526105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Linthout S, Tschöpe C. Inflammation — Cause or Consequence of Heart Failure or Both? Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2017;14(4):251-65. doi:10.1007/s11897-017-0337-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Linthout S, Tschöpe C. Inflammation — Cause or Consequence of Heart Failure or Both? Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2017;14(4):251-65. doi:10.1007/s11897-017-0337-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DuBrock HM, AbouEzzeddine OF, Redfield MM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201836.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DuBrock HM, AbouEzzeddine OF, Redfield MM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201836.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demirkol ME, Alisik M, Yis OM. C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in Patients with Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus: HbA1c and Inflammation. Clin Lab. 2022;68(8). doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2021.211108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demirkol ME, Alisik M, Yis OM. C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in Patients with Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus: HbA1c and Inflammation. Clin Lab. 2022;68(8). doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2021.211108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghany R, Tamariz L, Chen G, et al. Impact of Prediabetes on Cardiac Function Among Primary Care Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2022. doi:10.1089/met.2021.0006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghany R, Tamariz L, Chen G, et al. Impact of Prediabetes on Cardiac Function Among Primary Care Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2022. doi:10.1089/met.2021.0006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandey A, Vaduganathan M, Patel KV, et al. Biomarker-Based Risk Prediction of Incident Heart Failure in Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9(3):215-23. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2020.10.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandey A, Vaduganathan M, Patel KV, et al. Biomarker-Based Risk Prediction of Incident Heart Failure in Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9(3):215-23. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2020.10.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang R, Wang Z, Chen J, et al. Prognostic value of triglyceride glucose (TyG) index in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):88. doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01507-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang R, Wang Z, Chen J, et al. Prognostic value of triglyceride glucose (TyG) index in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):88. doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01507-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu SL, Wu NQ, Shi HW, et al. Fibrinogen is associated with glucose metabolism and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):36. doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01012-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu SL, Wu NQ, Shi HW, et al. Fibrinogen is associated with glucose metabolism and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):36. doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01012-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
