<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5099</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-5099</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Деформация левого предсердия в оценке сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса у больных артериальной гипертензией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Left atrial strain in assessing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in hypertensive patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-3791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии и профессиональных болезней.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, Head of Chair of Hospital Therapy and Occupational Diseases.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazur-tver@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-434X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии и профессиональных болезней. SPIN 9798-0540.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Chair of Hospital Therapy and Occupational Diseases.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vera.v.mazur@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0511-7366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баженов</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazhenov</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии и профессиональных болезней.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Chair of Hospital Therapy and Occupational Diseases.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bazhenovnd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-5358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нилова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nilova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры поликлинической терапии и семейной медицины.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Chair of Ambulatory Therapy and Family Medicine.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tevirp69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-5001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Т. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>T. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней.</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of Chair of internal diseases.</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tabo051610@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Тверской государственным медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>5099</fpage><lpage>5099</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мазур Е.С., Мазур В.В., Баженов Н.Д., Нилова О.В., Николаева Т.О., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мазур Е.С., Мазур В.В., Баженов Н.Д., Нилова О.В., Николаева Т.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazur E.S., Mazur V.V., Bazhenov N.D., Nilova O.V., Nikolaeva T.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5099">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5099</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сопоставить результаты диагностики сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса (СНсФВ) у больных артериальной гипертензией (АГ) по значениям стрейна левого предсердия (ЛП) с результатами, полученными при совместном использовании шкалы H2FPEF и диастолического стресс-теста (ДСТ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование были последовательно включены 293 пациента с ранее диагностированной АГ, проходившие обследование в связи с жалобами на одышку и/или сердцебиение (мужчин 97 (33,5%), средний возраст 62,0 (55,0; 67,0) года). Всем пациентам была выполнена трансторакальная эхокардиография, включавшая определение показателей деформации ЛП, и оценка вероятности СНсФВ по шкале H2FPEF. 85 пациентам с промежуточной вероятностью СНсФВ был выполнен ДСТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Низкая вероятность СНсФВ по шкале H2FPEF констатирована у 35 (11,9%) пациентов, неопределенная — у 206 (70,3%), высокая — у 52 (17,7%). ДСТ оказался отрицательным у 43 (50,6%) и положительным у 42 (49,4%) пациентов с промежуточной вероятностью СНсФВ. Стрейн ЛП в фазу резервуара у больных с низкой вероятностью СНсФВ равнялся в среднем (медиана и межквартильный интервал) 28,0 (23,6; 31,5)%, у больных с промежуточной вероятностью и отрицательным ДСТ — 24,0 (22,0; 26,8)%, при промежуточной вероятности и положительном ДСТ — 20,0 (18,0; 21,0)%, при высокой вероятности СНсФВ — 19,6 (16,9; 21,8)%. Диагноз СНсФВ был выставлен 94 пациентам, в т.ч. 52 с высокой вероятностью по шкале H2FPEF и 42 с промежуточной вероятностью и положительным ДСТ. Диагноз СНсФВ был отклонен у 78 пациентов, в т.ч. у 35 с низкой вероятностью по шкале H2FPEF и у 43 с промежуточной вероятностью и отрицательным ДСТ. 172 пациента с подтвержденным или отклоненным диагнозом СНсФВ были случайным образом разделены на две равночисленные когорты. В обучающей когорте СНсФВ была диагностирована у 44 (51,2%) пациентов, в валидирующей — у 50 (58,1%). ROC-анализ, выполненный на обучающей когорте, показал, что для стрейна ЛП в фазу резервуара AUC=0,920 (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,8420,968), а отрезная точка — 21,5%. На обучающей когорте совпадение результатов диагностики СНсФВ по указанному критерию с результатами диагностики по шкале H2FPEF и результатам ДСТ отмечено в 86,1% (95% ДИ 77,291,8) случаев. Показатель согласованности (каппа Коэна) оказался равен 0,721 (95% ДИ 0,575-0,868). На валидирующей когорте совпадение результатов отмечено в 84,9% (95% ДИ 75,8-91,0) случаев, каппа Коэна равна 0,702 (95% ДИ 0,553-0,851).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У больных АГ заключение о наличии СНсФВ, сделанное на основании снижения стрейна ЛП в фазу резервуара до 21,5% и менее, хорошо согласуется с диагностическим заключением, сделанным на основании оценки вероятности СНсФВ по шкале H2FPEF и результатов ДСТ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To compare the results of diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with hypertension (HTN) according left atrial (LA) strain values with the results obtained using the H2FPEF score and diastolic stress testing (DST).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 293 patients with previously established HTN who were examined due to complaints of shortness of breath and/or palpitations (men, 97 (33,5%), mean age, 62,0 (55,0; 67,0) years). All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography with the assessment of LA strain parameters and probability of HFpEF using the H2FPEF score. Eighty five patients with an intermediate probability of HFpEF underwent DST.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A low probability of HFpEF according to the H2FPEF score was registered in 35 (11,9%) patients, uncertain — in 206 (70,3%), high — in 52 (17,7%). DST was negative in 43 (50,6%) and positive in 42 (49,4%) patients with an intermediate probability of HFpEF. LA strain in the reservoir phase in patients with a low probability of HFpEF averaged (median and interquartile interval) 28,0 (23,6; 31,5)%, while in patients with an intermediate probability and negative DST — 24,0 (22,0; 26,8)%, with an intermediate probability and positive DST — 20,0 (18,0; 21,0)%, and with a high probability of HFpEF — 19,6 (16,9; 21,8)%. HFpEF was diagnosed in 94 patients, including 52 with a high probability on the H2FPEF score and 42 with an intermediate probability and positive DST. The diagnosis of HFpEF was ruled out in 78 patients, including 35 with a low probability on the H2FPEF score and 43 with an intermediate probability and negative DST. Further, 172 patients with confirmed or excluded HFpEF were randomly divided into two equal cohorts. In the training cohort, HFpEF was diagnosed in 44 (51,2%) patients, in the validation cohort — in 50 (58,1%). ROC analysis performed on the training cohort for the LA strain in reservoir phase showed AUC of 0,920 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0,842-0,968) and cut-off point of 21,5%. In the training cohort, the results of HFpEF diagnosis using the indicated criterion coincided with those using H2FPEF score and DST in 86,1% (95% CI, 77,2-91,8) of cases. The Cohen’s kappa was 0,721 (95% C,I 0,575-0,868). In the validation cohort, agreement was observed in 84,9% (95% CI 75,8-91,0) of cases with Cohen’s kappa of 0,702 (95% CI 0,553-0,851).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In hypertensive patients, the diagnosis of HFpEF made on the basis of a decrease in the LA strain in reservoir phase to ≤21,5%, is in good agreement with the diagnosis made using the H2FPEF score and DST.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность с сохраненной фракцией выброса</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>диастолический стресс-тест</kwd><kwd>стрейн левого предсердия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart failure with preserved ejection fraction</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>diastolic stress testing</kwd><kwd>left atrial strain</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;00:1-128. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;00:1-128. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reddy YNV, Carter RE, Obokata M, et al. A simple, evidence-based approach to help guide diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation 2018;138:861-70. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reddy YNV, Carter RE, Obokata M, et al. A simple, evidence-based approach to help guide diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation 2018;138:861-70. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pieske B, Tschöpe C, De Boer RA, et al. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: A consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2019;40(40):3297-317. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pieske B, Tschöpe C, De Boer RA, et al. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: A consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2019;40(40):3297-317. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Овчинников А. Г., Агеев Ф. Т., Алёхин М. Н. и др. Диастолическая трансторакальная стресс-эхокардиография с дозированной физической нагрузкой в диагностике сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса: показания, методология, интерпретация результатов. Кардиология. 2020;60(12):48-63. doi:10.18087/cardio.2020.12.n1219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ovchinnikov AG, Ageev FT, Alekhin MN, et al. The role of diastolic transthoracic stress echocardiography with incremental workload in the evaluation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: indications, methodology, interpretation. Kardiologiia. 2020;60(12):48-63. (In Russ.) doi:10.18087/cardio.2020.12.n1219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлюкова Е. Н., Кужель Д. А. Сердечная недостаточность с сохранённой фракцией выброса левого желудочка: роль диастолического стресс-теста в алгоритмах диагностики. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(2):4147. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlyukova EN, Kuzhel DA. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the role of diastolic stress test in diagnostic algorithms. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2021;26(2):4147. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алёхин М. Н., Калинин А. О. Значение показателей продольной деформации левого предсердия у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Медицинский алфавит. 2020;(32):24-9. doi:10.33667/2078-5631-2020-32-24-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekhin MN, Kalinin AO. Value of indicators of longitudinal deformation of the left atrium in patients with chronic heart failure. Medical alphabet. 2020;(32):24-9. (In Russ.) doi:10.33667/2078-5631-2020-32-24-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye Z, Miranda WR, Yeung DF, et al. Left Atrial Strain in Evaluation of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33(12):1490-9. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2020.07.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ye Z, Miranda WR, Yeung DF, et al. Left Atrial Strain in Evaluation of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33(12):1490-9. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2020.07.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reddy YNV, Obokata M, Egbe A, et al. Left atrial strain and compliance in the diagnostic evaluation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:891900. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1464.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reddy YNV, Obokata M, Egbe A, et al. Left atrial strain and compliance in the diagnostic evaluation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:891900. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lundberg A, Johnson J, Hage C, et al. Left atrial strain improves estimation of filling pressures in heart failure: a simultaneous echocardiographic and invasive haemodynamic study. Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2019;108:703-15. doi:10.1007/s00392-01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lundberg A, Johnson J, Hage C, et al. Left atrial strain improves estimation of filling pressures in heart failure: a simultaneous echocardiographic and invasive haemodynamic study. Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2019;108:703-15. doi:10.1007/s00392-01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Venkateshvaran A, Tureli HO, Faxen UL, et al. Left atrial reservoir strain improves diagnostic accuracy of the 2016 ASE/EACVI diastolic algorithm in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction:insights from the KARUM haemodinamic database. Eur Heart J — Cardiovascular Imaging. 2022;23(2). doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeac036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Venkateshvaran A, Tureli HO, Faxen UL, et al. Left atrial reservoir strain improves diagnostic accuracy of the 2016 ASE/EACVI diastolic algorithm in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction:insights from the KARUM haemodinamic database. Eur Heart J — Cardiovascular Imaging. 2022;23(2). doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeac036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris DA, Belyavskiy E, Aravind-Kumar R, et al. Potential Usefulness and Clinical Relevance of Adding Left Atrial Strain to Left Atrial Volume Index in the Detection of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2018;11:1405-15. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.07.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris DA, Belyavskiy E, Aravind-Kumar R, et al. Potential Usefulness and Clinical Relevance of Adding Left Atrial Strain to Left Atrial Volume Index in the Detection of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2018;11:1405-15. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.07.029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac camber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:233-71. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jev014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac camber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:233-71. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jev014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badano LP, Kolias Th, Muraru D, et al. Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovask Imaging. 2018;19:591-600. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jey042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badano LP, Kolias Th, Muraru D, et al. Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovask Imaging. 2018;19:591-600. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jey042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pathan F, D’Elia N, Nolan MT, et al. Normal Ranges of Left Atrial Strain by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:59-70. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2016.09.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pathan F, D’Elia N, Nolan MT, et al. Normal Ranges of Left Atrial Strain by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:59-70. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2016.09.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lancellotti P, Pellikka PA, Budts W, et al. The Clinical use of stress echocardiography in non-ischaemic heart disease: recommendations from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:101-38. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2016.10.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lancellotti P, Pellikka PA, Budts W, et al. The Clinical use of stress echocardiography in non-ischaemic heart disease: recommendations from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:101-38. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2016.10.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin J, Ma H, Gao L, et al. Left atrial reservoir strain combined with E/E’ as a better single measure to predict elevated LV filling pressures in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular Ultrasound. 2020;18(11):2-13. doi:10.1186/s12947-020-00192-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin J, Ma H, Gao L, et al. Left atrial reservoir strain combined with E/E’ as a better single measure to predict elevated LV filling pressures in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular Ultrasound. 2020;18(11):2-13. doi:10.1186/s12947-020-00192-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aung SM, Güler A, Güler Y, et al. Left atrial strain in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Herz. 2017;42(2):194-9. doi:10.1007/s00059-016-4456-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aung SM, Güler A, Güler Y, et al. Left atrial strain in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Herz. 2017;42(2):194-9. doi:10.1007/s00059-016-4456-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inoue K, Khan FH, Remme EW, et al. Determinants of left atrial reservoir and pump strain and use of atrial strain for evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure. Eur Heart J — Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022;23:61-70. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeaa415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inoue K, Khan FH, Remme EW, et al. Determinants of left atrial reservoir and pump strain and use of atrial strain for evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure. Eur Heart J — Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022;23:61-70. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeaa415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh A, Medvedofsky D, Mediratta A, et al. Peak left atrial strain as a single measure for the non-invasive assessment of left ventricular filling pressures. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2019;35(1):23-32. doi:10.1007/s10554-018-1425-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh A, Medvedofsky D, Mediratta A, et al. Peak left atrial strain as a single measure for the non-invasive assessment of left ventricular filling pressures. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2019;35(1):23-32. doi:10.1007/s10554-018-1425-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandoli GE, Sisti N, Mondillo S, Cameli M. Left atrial strain in left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: have we finally found the missing piece of the puzzle? Heart Fail Rev. 2020;25(3):409-17. doi:10.1007/s10741-019-09889-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandoli GE, Sisti N, Mondillo S, Cameli M. Left atrial strain in left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: have we finally found the missing piece of the puzzle? Heart Fail Rev. 2020;25(3):409-17. doi:10.1007/s10741-019-09889-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Telles F, Nanayakkara S, Evans S, et al. Impaired left atrial strain predicts abnormal exercise haemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:495-505. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Telles F, Nanayakkara S, Evans S, et al. Impaired left atrial strain predicts abnormal exercise haemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:495-505. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
