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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4704</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-4704</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спектр мутаций и их фенотипическая реализация у детей и взрослых с синдромом удлиненного интервала QT</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spectrum of mutations and their phenotypic manifestations in children and adults with long QT syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4721-9109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чакова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chakova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Николаевна Чакова — кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики животных</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.chakova@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9917-5932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссарова</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarova</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Михайловна Комиссарова — доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории хронической сердечной недостаточности</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kom_svet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-6512</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Засим</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zasim</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Засим — кандидат медицинских наук, зав. консультативно-поликлиническим отделением</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">matatova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-131X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долматович</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolmatovich</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Владимировна Долматович — кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики животных</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.dolmatovich@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8131-0849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ребеко</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rebeko</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Сернеевна Ребеко — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории нарушений сердечного ритма</p><p>Минск</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rebekoe2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3566-7644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ниязова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Niyazova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Сергеевна Ниязова — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики животных</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kruglenko_sveta@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-9546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заклязьминская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaklyazminskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Валерьевна Заклязьминская — доктор медицинских наук, зав. лабораторией медицинской генетики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhelene@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-3543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плащинская</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plashchinskaya</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса Иосифовна Плащинская — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории нарушений сердечного ритма</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lario2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-194X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маргарита Викторовна Дудко — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики животных</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">margodk01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр «Кардиология»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр «Детской хирургии»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>B. V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>4704</fpage><lpage>4704</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чакова Н.Н., Комиссарова С.М., Засим Е.В., Долматович Т.В., Ребеко Е.С., Ниязова С.С., Заклязьминская Е.В., Плащинская Л.И., Дудко М.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чакова Н.Н., Комиссарова С.М., Засим Е.В., Долматович Т.В., Ребеко Е.С., Ниязова С.С., Заклязьминская Е.В., Плащинская Л.И., Дудко М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chakova N.N., Komissarova S.M., Zasim E.A., Dolmatovich T.V., Rebeko E.S., Niyazova S.S., Zaklyazminskaya E.V., Plashchinskaya L.I., Dudko M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4704">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4704</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить спектр мутаций в генах, ответственных за синдром удлиненного интервала QT (LQTS), а также проанализировать их фенотипические проявления у пациентов с LQTS в разных возрастных группах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Группа из 35 неродственных пробандов с клиническим диагнозом LQTS: 23 взрослых (8 мужчин) и 12 детей (9 мальчиков). Клинические особенности включали синкопальные состояния (54%), внезапную сердечную смерть (ВСС) в семье (29%), 16 пациентам (46%) был имплантирован кардиовертер-дефибриллятор (ИКД). Клинико-инструментальное исследование включало регистрацию электрокардиограммы покоя в 12 отведениях, 24-часовое холтеровское мониторирование, генеалогический анализ, эхокардиографию и магнитно-резонансную томографию сердца. Генетическое исследование проводили методом высокопроизводительного секвенирования (NGS) на приборе MiSeq (Illumina). Сравнение двух не связанных между собой групп по количественным признакам осуществлялось с использованием непараметрического U-критерия Манна-Уитни. Статистически значимыми считали различия при p&lt;0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В обследованной группе из 35 пробандов были выявлены 23 генетических варианта IV и V класса патогенности (далее — мутации). Молекулярно-генетический вариант заболевания был верифицирован у 66% пробандов. При этом выявляемость мутаций была у пациентов с ранней манифестацией (дети) выше, чем у взрослых: 83% (10 из 12 детей) vs 57% (13 из23). У 4 из 35 пробандов (11%) были выявлены редкие генетические варианты неопределенной значимости (VUS, III класс патогенности).</p><p>В группах детей и взрослых c LQT1, LQT2 и LQT3 распределение по полу отклонялось от соотношения 1:1. Среди детей две трети составляли мальчики, среди взрослых — женщины. Наблюдалась зависимость срока манифестации заболевания, продолжительности QTс и риска неблагоприятных событий от генетического типа LQTS, внутригенной локализации мутаций и пола. У детей все 4 миссенсмутации в гене KCNQ1 были локализованы в области трансмембранного домена, а у взрослых 4 мутации — в трансмембранном домене, и три — в С-концевом домене белка. LQT1 у мальчиков характеризовался ранней манифестацией, при этом QTс не превышал 500 мс, не было неблагоприятных исходов. У двух женщин с LQT1 с мутациями в трансмембранном домене был имплантирован ИКД (QTс &gt;520 мс). У всех пациентов с LQT2 (4 детей, 4 взрослых) зарегистрирован QTс &gt;500 мс; при этом 2 детям и 3 женщинам был имплантирован ИКД. LQT3 был диагностирован только в детской подгруппе (2 мальчика, с QTс 510 мс и QTс 610 мс), один из них умер внезапно, несмотря на терапию бета-блокаторами. Четверо взрослых пациентов, носители вариантов III класса патогенности, имели QTс &lt;500 мс и более позднюю манифестацию заболевания (после 30 лет). У троих из них зарегистрированы эпизоды клинической смерти с успешными реанимационными мероприятиями и последующей имплантацией ИКД.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Диагностическая эффективность поиска мутаций методом NGS у больных с клинически манифестным LQTS составила 66%, при этом выявляемость мутаций в детской группе была значительно выше. У генотип-позитивных пробандов риск неблагоприятных исходов коррелирует с полом, возрастом и генетическим вариантом заболевания. Наибольшее число неблагоприятных исходов наблюдалось у носителей мутаций в генах KCNH2 (LQT2) и SCN5A (LQT3). У 4 пробандов (11%) были выявлены варианты с неизвестным клиническим значением, что потенциально открывает возможность для подтверждения диагноза после получения результатов функциональных исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To determine the spectrum of mutations in the genes responsible for the long QT syndrome (LQTS) and study their phenotypic manifestations in patients with LQTS in different age groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 35 unrelated probands with a clinical diagnosis of LQTS: 23 adults (8 men) and 12 children (9 boys). There were following clinical features: syncope — 54%, positive family history for SCD — 29%, implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) — 46%. All participants underwent 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), 24-hour Holter monitoring, genealogical analysis, echocardiography and cardiac MRI. The genetic study was performed by nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) using the MiSeq system (Illumina). The quantitative comparison of two unrelated groups was carried out using the nonparametric MannWhitney U-test. The differences were considered significant at p&lt;0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the examined group of 35 probands, 23 genetic variants of pathogenicity class IV and V (hereinafter referred to as) were identified. The molecular genetic variant of the disease was verified in 66% of probands. At the same time, the detection of mutations in the group with early manifestation (children) was significantly higher: 83% (10 out of 12 children) vs 57% in adults (13 out of 23). Rare genetic variants of uncertain significance (VUS, class III pathogenicity) were detected in 4 probands (11%). In the groups of children and adults with LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3, the sex distribution deviated from the 1:1 ratio. Among children, two-thirds were boys, among adults — the same proportion was represented by women. Disease manifestation time, QTc duration and adverse events risk depended on the genetic type of LQTS, intragenic localization of mutations and sex. In children, all 4 missense mutations in the KCNQ1 gene were located in transmembrane domain, and in adults, 4 mutations were in the transmembrane domain and three — in the C-terminal domain of the protein. LQT1 in boys was characterized by early manifestation, while QTc did not exceed 500 ms and there were no adverse outcomes. Two women out of 7 adults with LQT1 with mutations in the transmembrane domain had na ICD (QTc &gt;520 ms). All patients with LQT2 (4 children, 4 adults) had QTc &gt;500 ms. At the same time, 2 children and 3 women had an ICD. LQT3 was diagnosed only in the children subgroup (2 boys, with QTc of 510 ms and QTc of 610 ms); one of them died suddenly despite beta-blocker therapy. Four adult patients, carriers of class III pathogenicity variants, had QTc &lt;500 ms and delayed disease manifestation (after 30 years). Three of them had episodes of clinical death with subsequent resuscitation and implantation of cardioverter defibrillator.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The average diagnostic efficiency of mutation identification using NGS in patients with clinically manifest LQTS was 66%. At the same time, mutations were more common in the children’s group. In genotype-positive probands, the risk of adverse outcomes correlated with sex, age and the genetic variant of disease. The greatest number of adverse outcomes was observed in carriers of mutations in both KCNH2 (LQT2) and SCN5A (LQT3) genes. Variants with unknown clinical significance were identified in 4 probands (11%), which potentially allowed to confirm the diagnosis after functional tests.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром удлиненного интервала QT (LQTS)</kwd><kwd>спектр мутаций</kwd><kwd>ген KCNQ1</kwd><kwd>ген KCNH2</kwd><kwd>ген SCN5A</kwd><kwd>ген CACNA1C</kwd><kwd>ген ANK2</kwd><kwd>стратификация риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>long QT interval syndrome</kwd><kwd>spectrum of mutations</kwd><kwd>KCNQ1 gene</kwd><kwd>KCNH2 gene</kwd><kwd>SCN5A gene</kwd><kwd>CACNA1C gene</kwd><kwd>ANK2 gene</kwd><kwd>risk stratification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz PJ, Ackerman MJ, Antzelevitch C, et al. Inherited cardiac arrhythmias. 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