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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4579</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-4579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярные механизмы формирования фиброза миокарда левого предсердия у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий и метаболическим синдромом: какие биомаркеры использовать в клинической практике?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular mechanisms of left atrial fibrosis development in patients with atrial fibrillation and metabolic syndrome: what biomarkers should be used in clinical practice?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-1144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ионин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ionin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ионин Валерий Александрович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой, старший научный сотрудник НИИССЗ НКИЦ.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Diseases #1, Pavlov University.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionin.v.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-7765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заславская</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaslavskaya</surname><given-names>E L</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заславская Екатерина Леонидовна — кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Diseases #1, Pavlov University.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">memlikster@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7888-4374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барашкова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barashkova</surname><given-names>E I</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барашкова Елизавета Ивановна — клинический ординатор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Resident, Department of Internal Diseases #1, Pavlov University.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lisafya22@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-0331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>V A</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Виктория Александровна — клинический ординатор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Resident, Department of Internal Diseases #1, Pavlov University.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilingina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-5671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>G I</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Георгий Игоревич — клинический ординатор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Resident, Department of Internal Diseases #1, Pavlov University.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gohsha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6973-7519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверченко</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averchenko</surname><given-names>K A</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аверченко Ксения Андреевна — клинический ординатор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Resident, Department of Internal Diseases #1, Pavlov University.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">averchenok96@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7047-432X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A N</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Александр Николавеич — ассистент кафедры госпитальной хирургии № 2 с клиникой, заведующий отделением рентгенхирургических методов диагностики и лечения № 3.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Assistant, Department of Surgery #2, Pavlov University.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sanmor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-0076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>E I</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранова Елена Ивановна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ; заведующая НИЛ метаболического синдрома института эндокринологии НМИЦ им. В.А. Алмазова МЗ РФ.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of Research Laboratory for Metabolic Syndrome, Almazov National Medical Research Centre; Professor, Department of Internal Diseases #1, Pavlov University.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranova.grant2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-0980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шляхто</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schlyachto</surname><given-names>E V</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шляхто Евгений Владимирович — академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой им. Г.Ф. Ланга ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ; генеральный директор НМИЦ им. В.А. Алмазова МЗ РФ.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Member of the Russian Academy of Science, Director of the Almazov National Medical Research Centre; President of the Russian Society of Cardiology, Head of Department of Internal Diseases #1, Pavlov University.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.schlyakhto@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Pavlov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Pavlov State Medical University; Almazov National Medical Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>4579</fpage><lpage>4579</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ионин В.А., Заславская Е.Л., Барашкова Е.И., Павлова В.А., Борисов Г.И., Аверченко К.А., Морозов А.Н., Баранова Е.И., Шляхто Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ионин В.А., Заславская Е.Л., Барашкова Е.И., Павлова В.А., Борисов Г.И., Аверченко К.А., Морозов А.Н., Баранова Е.И., Шляхто Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ionin V.A., Zaslavskaya E.L., Barashkova E.I., Pavlova V.A., Borisov G.I., Averchenko K.A., Morozov A.N., Baranova E.I., Schlyachto E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4579">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4579</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить концентрации биомаркеров фиброза в крови у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) в сочетании с метаболическим синдромом (МС) и проанализировать связь с фиброзом миокарда.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В одномоментное исследование, проводившееся по типу “случай-контроль”, было включено 547 обследованных в возрасте от 35 до 65 лет: пациенты с МС (n=373), из которых 202 больных с ФП, а группы сравнения составили пациенты с ФП без МС (n=110) и практически здоровые обследованные, не имеющие сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и метаболических нарушений (n=64). Пациентам с ФП и МС, которым проводилось электроанатомическое картирование перед процедурой радиочастотной изоляции устьев легочных вен (n=79), проводилась оценка степени выраженности фиброза миокарда левого предсердия (ЛП).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что концентрация профибротических биомаркеров, циркулирующих в крови у больных с ФП и МС выше, чем у пациентов с ФП без МС, и составляет: альдостерон (135,1 (80,7-224,1) и 90,1 (68,3120,3) пг/мл, р&lt;0,0001), галектин-3 (10,6 (4,8-15,4) и 5,8 (4,8-8,3) пг/мл, р=0,0001), GDF-15 (938,3 (678,3-1352,1) и 671,0 (515,7-879,5) пг/мл, р=0,001), TGF-beta1 (4421,1 (2513,5-7634,5) и 2630,5 (2020,7-3785,4) пг/мл, р=0,001), CTGF (167,8 (78,9-194,3) и 124,3 (74,4-181,9) пг/мл, р&lt;0,0001), PIIINP (88,5 (58,6-120,4) и 58,9 (40,7-86,1) нг/мл, р&lt;0,0001), PINP (3421,4 (1808,1-4321,7) и 2996,1 (2283,8-3894,3) пг/мл, р&lt;0,0001). У пациентов с пароксизмальной формой более высокие концентрации TGF-beta1, CTGF и PINP, чем у больных с персистирующей и постоянной формами ФП. У больных с персистирующей ФП и МС концентрации галектина-3, альдостерона и PIIINP были выше, чем у пациентов с пароксизмальной ФП, а у больных с постоянной формой они были значительно ниже. Концентрация галектина-3 в плазме крови положительно коррелировала с концентрацией PINP (р=0,465, р&lt;0,0001), PIIINP (р=0,409, р&lt;0,0001), GDF-15 (р=0,369, р&lt;0,0001), CTGF (р=0,405, р&lt;0,0001). По данным многофакторного регрессионного анализа из всех изучаемых биомаркеров GDF-15 в большей степени влиял на концентрацию PIIINP (в=0,234, р=0,038), а галектин-3 на PINP (в=0,248, р&lt;0,021). Установлены положительные корреляции степени выраженности фиброза миокарда ЛП с концентрацией галектина-3 (р=0,563, р&lt;0,0001), PINP (р=0,620, р&lt;0,0001), TGF-beta1 (р=0,390, р&lt;0,0001) и CTGF (р=0,551, р&lt;0,0001). По данным линейного многофакторного регрессионного анализа установлено, что наиболее значимое влияние на распространенность фиброза ЛП среди изучаемых биомаркеров фиброза оказывают следующие: галектин-3 (в=0,432, р&lt;0,0001), PINP (в=0,343, р=0,001) и PIIINP (в=0,286, р=0,008).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Повышение концентрации профибротических биомаркеров га-лектина-3, TGF-beta1, CTGF, PIIINP и PINP в крови ассоциировано с увеличением степени выраженности фиброза миокарда ЛП и, вероятно, имеет патогенетическую роль в повышении риска ФП в когорте пациентов с МС.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To determine the blood concentration of fibrosis biomarkers in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in combination with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to analyze the relationship with myocardial fibrosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This cross-sectional case-control study included 547 patients aged 35 to 65 years: experimental group — patients with MS (n=373), of which 202 patients had AF; comparison group — AF patients without MS (n=110); healthy subjects without cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders (n=64). Patients with AF and MS who underwent electroanatomic mapping before pulmonary vein isolation (n=79) were assessed for left atrial (LA) fibrosis severity.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that the blood concentration of circulating profibrogenic biomarkers in patients with AF and MS is higher than in patients with AF without MS: aldosterone (135,1 (80,7-224,1) and 90,1 (68,3-120,3) pg/ml, p&lt;0,0001), galectin-3 (10,6 (4,8-15,4) and 5,8 (4,8-8,3) pg/ml, p=0,0001), GDF15 (938,3 (678,3-1352,1) and 671,0 (515,7-879,5) pg/ml, p=0,001), TGF-beta-1 (4421,1 (2513,5-7634,5) and 2630,5 (2020,7-3785,4) pg/ml, p=0,001), CTGF (167,8 (78,9-194,3) and 124,3 (74,4-181,9) pg/ml, p&lt;0,0001), PIIINP (88,5 (58,6120,4) and 58,9 (40,7-86,1) ng/ml, p&lt;0,0001), PINP (3421,4 (1808,1-4321,7) and 2996,1 (2283,8-3894,3) pg/ml, p&lt;0,0001). Patients with paroxysmal AF have higher concentrations of TGF-beta1, CTGF and PINP than patients with persistent and permanent AF. In patients with persistent AF and MS, the concentrations of galectin-3, aldosterone, and PIIINP were higher than in patients with paroxysmal AF, while in patients with permanent AF, they were significantly lower. The plasma concentration of galectin-3 positively correlated with levels of PINP (p=0,465, p&lt;0,0001), PIIINP (p=0,409, p&lt;0,0001), GDF-15 (p=0,369, p&lt;O,O001), CTGF (p=0,405, p&lt;0,0001). According to multivariate regression, of all studied biomarkers, GDF-15 had a greater effect on PIIINP concentration (в=0,234, p=0,038), and galectin-3 — on PINP (в=0,248, p&lt;0,021). Positive correlations of the severity of left atrial fibrosis with the concentration of galectin-3 (p=0,563, p&lt;0,0001), PINP (p=0,620, p&lt;0,0001), TGF-beta-1 (p=0,390, p&lt;0,0001) and CTGF (p=0,551, p&lt;0,0001). According to linear multivariate regression, the most significant effect on LA fibrosis severity among the studied biomarkers is exerted by galectin-3 (в=0,432, p&lt;0,0001), PINP (в=0,343, p=0,001) and PIIINP (в=0,286, p=0,008).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An increase in the blood concentration of profibrogenic biomarkers galectin-3, TGF-beta-1, CTGF, PIIINP, and PINP is associated with an increase in LA fibrosis severity and probably has a pathogenetic role in increasing the AF risk in patients with MS.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альдостерон</kwd><kwd>галектин-3</kwd><kwd>GDF-15</kwd><kwd>TGF-beta1</kwd><kwd>CTGF</kwd><kwd>PINP</kwd><kwd>PIIINP</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aldosterone</kwd><kwd>galectin-3</kwd><kwd>GDF-15</kwd><kwd>TGF-beta-1</kwd><kwd>CTGF</kwd><kwd>PINP</kwd><kwd>PIIINP</kwd><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). 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