<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4187</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-4187</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка жесткости сосудистой стенки у пожилых пациентов с артериальной гипертонией во взаимосвязи с гериатрическими синдромами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Association of vascular stiffness and geriatric syndromes in hypertensive elderly patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1695-9107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лузина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лузина Александра Вячеславовна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории сердечно-сосудистого старения ОСП РГНКЦ.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra V. Luzina - MSc, Researcher, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Ageing, Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Pirogov’s Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexalav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-0454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рунихина</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Runikhina</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рунихина Надежда Константиновна — доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по гериатрической работе ОСП РГНКЦ.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda K. Runikhina – Professor, MD, PhD, DrMS, Deputy Director of the Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Head of the Laboratory of Ambulatory Geriatrics, Pirogov’s Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nkrunihina@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-688X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkacheva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткачева Ольга Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор ОСП РГНКЦ, главный внештатный гериатр Минздрава России.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Tkacheva - Professor, MD, PhD, DrMS, Director of the Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Pirogov’s Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkacheva@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1628-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котовская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotovskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котовская Юлия Викторовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе ОСП РГНКЦ.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Kotovskaya - Professor, MD, PhD, DrMS, Deputy Director of the Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Head of the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Ageing, Pirogov’s Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotovskaya_yv@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>4187</fpage><lpage>4187</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лузина А.В., Рунихина Н.К., Ткачева О.Н., Котовская Ю.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лузина А.В., Рунихина Н.К., Ткачева О.Н., Котовская Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Luzina A.V., Runikhina N.K., Tkacheva O.N., Kotovskaya Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4187">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4187</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить параметр жесткости сосудистой стенки (сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс (СЛСИ)) у пожилых пациентов с артериальной гипертонией (АГ) во взаимосвязи с синдромом старческой астении (ССА) и другими гериатрическими синдромами.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 160 пациентов в возрасте от 60 до 101 года, с верифицированной АГ I-III стадии. Оценивали фактический прием ранее назначенных лекарственных препаратов. Выполнялась комплексная гериатрическая оценка с проведением функциональных и нейропсихологических тестов для выявления гериатрических синдромов. Оценка жесткости сосудистой стенки проводилась методом объемной сфигмометрии (прибор VaSera-VS-1500, FUKUDA DENSHI, Япония) с определением показателя СЛСИ (CAVI — Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Средний возраст включенных в исследование пациентов составил 77,2±8,1 лет (n=160): в группе пациентов без ССА 72,4±6,9 года (n=50), c преастенией 76,6±8,1 лет (n=50), пациенты с ССА 81,7±6,6 (n=60). Пациенты с ССА имели более высокий показатель СЛСИ, чем пациенты без ССА и с преастенией (10,3±1,6 vs 9,3±1,0 и 9,6±1,8, соответственно; р=0,002).</p><p>В группе пациентов с ССА была выявлена отрицательная корреляция показателя жесткости сосудистой стенки и индекса массы тела (ИМТ) Rs=-0,392 (р=0,002), положительная корреляция между показателем СЛСИ и ортостатическими реакциями Rs=0,382 (р=0,003). В группе пациентов с преастенией отрицательные взаимосвязи выявлены с параметрами динамометрии Rs=-0,329 (р=0,019), ИМТ Rs=-0,343 (р=0,015) и физической активности Rs=-0,285 (р=0,047).</p><p>В группе пациентов без ССА показатель жесткости сосудистой стенки ассоциировался с повышенным уровнем общего холестерина Rs=0,379 (р=0,009), низким уровнем физической активности Rs=-0,355 (р=0,015), а также отрицательные корреляции выявлены с тестом рисования часов и падениями (Rs=-0,458 (р=0,011) и Rs=-0,306 (р=0,031)).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сосудистая жесткость на стадии ССА взаимосвязана со снижением ИМТ и ортостатической гипотензии. На этапе преастении выявлена взаимосвязь показателя сосудистой жесткости и снижение мышечной силы (по данным динамометрии).</p><p>Таким образом, жесткость сосудистой стенки ассоциируется с маркерами самого ССА.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the relationship of vascular stiffness (cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI)) with frailty and other geriatric syndromes in hypertensive elderly patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 160 patients aged 60 to 101 years with verified stage I-III hypertension. The previous therapy was assessed. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed with functional and neuropsychological tests to identify geriatric syndromes. Vascular stiffness was assessed by VaSera-VS-1500 vascular screening system (FUKUDA DENSHI, Japan) with determination of the CAVI.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The mean age of the patients was 77,2±8,1 years (n=160): in the group of patients without frailty — 72,4±6,9 years (n=50), with prefrailty — 76,6±8,1 years (n=50), with frailty — 81,7±6,6 (n=60). Patients with frailty had a higher CAVI than those without frailty and with prefrailty (10,3±1,6 vs 9,3±1,0 and 9,6±1,8, respectively; p=0,002).</p><p>In patients with frailty, a negative correlation was found between the vascular stiffness and body mass index (BMI) (Rs=-0,392 (p=0,002)), and a positive correlation between the CAVI and orthostatic response (Rs=0,382 (p=0,003). In patients with prefrailty, negative relationships were found with the dynamometric parameters (Rs=-0,329 (p=0,019)), BMI (Rs=-0,343 (p=0,015) and physical activity (Rs=-0,285 (p=0,047)).</p><p>In patients without frailty, the vascular stiffness was associated with an increased total cholesterol level (Rs=0,379 (p=0,009)), a low physical activity (Rs=-0,355 (p=0,015)), as well as negative correlations were found with the clock-drawing test and falls (Rs=-0,458 (p=0,011) and Rs=-0,306 (p=0,031), respectively).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Vascular stiffness in elderly patients with frailty is associated with a decrease in body mass index and orthostatic hypotension. At the stage of prefrailty, the relationship between the vascular stiffness and muscle strength decrease (according to dynamometry) was revealed.</p><p>Thus, the vascular stiffness is associated with frailty markers itself.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром старческой астении</kwd><kwd>жесткость сосудистой стенки</kwd><kwd>сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс</kwd><kwd>пожилые пациенты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>frailty syndrome</kwd><kwd>vascular stiffness</kwd><kwd>cardio-ankle vascular index</kwd><kwd>elderly patients</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Namba T, Masaki N, Takase B, et al. Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(15):3664. doi:10.3390/ijms20153664.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Namba T, Masaki N, Takase B, et al. Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(15):3664. doi:10.3390/ijms20153664.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saiki A, Sato Y, Watanabe R, et al. The Role of a Novel Arterial Stiffness Parameter, Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), as a Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2016;23(2):155-68. doi:10.5551/jat.32797.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saiki A, Sato Y, Watanabe R, et al. The Role of a Novel Arterial Stiffness Parameter, Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), as a Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2016;23(2):155-68. doi:10.5551/jat.32797.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Namekata T, Suzuki K, Ishizuka N, et al. Baseline criteria of cardio-ankle vascular index as a new indicator of arteriosclerosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2011;11:51. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-11-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Namekata T, Suzuki K, Ishizuka N, et al. Baseline criteria of cardio-ankle vascular index as a new indicator of arteriosclerosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2011;11:51. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-11-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bromfield SG, Ngameni CA, Colantonio LD, et al. Blood Pressure, Antihypertensive Polypharmacy, Frailty, and Risk for Serious Fall Injuries Among Older Treated Adults With Hypertension. Hypertension. 2017;70(2):259-66. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.09390.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bromfield SG, Ngameni CA, Colantonio LD, et al. Blood Pressure, Antihypertensive Polypharmacy, Frailty, and Risk for Serious Fall Injuries Among Older Treated Adults With Hypertension. Hypertension. 2017;70(2):259-66. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.09390.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang X, Shi J, Song X, et al. Frailty in relation to the risk of falls, fractures, and mortality in older Chinese adults: results from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16(10):903-7. doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0368-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fang X, Shi J, Song X, et al. Frailty in relation to the risk of falls, fractures, and mortality in older Chinese adults: results from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16(10):903-7. doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0368-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xue Q, Qin MZ, Jia J, et al. Association between frailty and the cardio-ankle vascular index. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:735-42. doi:10.2147/CIA.S195109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xue Q, Qin MZ, Jia J, et al. Association between frailty and the cardio-ankle vascular index. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:735-42. doi:10.2147/CIA.S195109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева О.Н., Рунихина Н.К., Котовская Ю.В. и др. Клинические рекомендации “Старческая астения”. Часть 2. Российский журнал гериатрической медицины. 2020;2:115-30. doi:10.37586/2686-8636-2-2020-115-130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkacheva ON, Runihina NK, Kotovskaya YuV, et al. Clinical guidelines frailty. Part 2. Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine. 2020;2:115-30. (In Russ) doi:10.37586/2686-8636-2-2020-115-130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karpman C, Lebrasseur NK, Depew ZS, et al. Measuring gait speed in the out-patient clinic: methodology and feasibility. Respir Care. 2014;59(4):531-7. doi:10.4187/respcare.02688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpman C, Lebrasseur NK, Depew ZS, et al. Measuring gait speed in the out-patient clinic: methodology and feasibility. Respir Care. 2014;59(4):531-7. doi:10.4187/respcare.02688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Podsiadlo D, Podsiadlo D, Richardson S, et al. The timed ‘Up &amp; Go': A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142-8. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podsiadlo D, Podsiadlo D, Richardson S, et al. The timed ‘Up &amp; Go': A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142-8. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sainsbury A, Seebass G, Bansal A, et al. Reliability of the Barthel Index when used with older people. Age Ageing. 2005;34(3):228-32. doi:10.1093/ageing/afi063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sainsbury A, Seebass G, Bansal A, et al. Reliability of the Barthel Index when used with older people. Age Ageing. 2005;34(3):228-32. doi:10.1093/ageing/afi063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Parsey C, Lamb R. Development and psychometric properties of the instrumental activities of daily living: compensation scale. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;29(8):776-92. doi:10.1093/arclin/acu053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Parsey C, Lamb R. Development and psychometric properties of the instrumental activities of daily living: compensation scale. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;29(8):776-92. doi:10.1093/arclin/acu053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beker N, Sikkes SAM, Hulsman M, et al. Neuropsychological Test Performance of Cognitively Healthy Centenarians: Normative Data From the Dutch 100-Plus Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(4):759-67. doi:10.1111/jgs.15729.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beker N, Sikkes SAM, Hulsman M, et al. Neuropsychological Test Performance of Cognitively Healthy Centenarians: Normative Data From the Dutch 100-Plus Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(4):759-67. doi:10.1111/jgs.15729.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ligon M, Ehlman K, Moriello G, et al. Validation of the Attitude-Older Adult and Aging-Visual Analogue Scales (At-O-A). 2014;40(8):572-83. doi:10.1080/03601277.2013.858467.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ligon M, Ehlman K, Moriello G, et al. Validation of the Attitude-Older Adult and Aging-Visual Analogue Scales (At-O-A). 2014;40(8):572-83. doi:10.1080/03601277.2013.858467.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guigoz Y, Lauque S, Vellas BJ. Identifying the elderly at risk for malnutrition. The Mini Nutritional Assessment. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 2002;18(4):737-57. doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(02)00059-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guigoz Y, Lauque S, Vellas BJ. Identifying the elderly at risk for malnutrition. The Mini Nutritional Assessment. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 2002;18(4):737-57. doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(02)00059-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang F, Chen QW. Evaluation of frailty and influencing factors in old people in hospital institution: Evidence for a phenotype of frailty. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(3):e9634. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000009634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang F, Chen QW. Evaluation of frailty and influencing factors in old people in hospital institution: Evidence for a phenotype of frailty. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(3):e9634. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000009634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lauretani F, Russo CR, Bandinelli S, et al. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;95(5):1851-60. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00246.2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lauretani F, Russo CR, Bandinelli S, et al. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;95(5):1851-60. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00246.2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magkas N, Tsioufis C, Thomopoulos C, et al. Orthostatic hypotension: From pathophysiology to clinical applications and therapeutic considerations. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019;21(5):546-54. doi:10.1111/jch.13521.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magkas N, Tsioufis C, Thomopoulos C, et al. Orthostatic hypotension: From pathophysiology to clinical applications and therapeutic considerations. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019;21(5):546-54. doi:10.1111/jch.13521.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sampaio RA, Sewo Sampaio PY, Yamada M, et al. Arterial stiffness is associated with low skeletal muscle mass in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14(1):109-14. doi:10.1111/ggi.12206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sampaio RA, Sewo Sampaio PY, Yamada M, et al. Arterial stiffness is associated with low skeletal muscle mass in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14(1):109-14. doi:10.1111/ggi.12206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Son WM, Sung KD, Cho JM, et al. Combined exercise reduces arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and blood markers for cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Menopause. 2017;24(3):262-8. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Son WM, Sung KD, Cho JM, et al. Combined exercise reduces arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and blood markers for cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Menopause. 2017;24(3):262-8. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mol A, Slangen LRN, Trappenburg MC, et al. Blood Pressure Drop Rate After Standing Up Is Associated With Frailty and Number of Falls in Geriatric Outpatients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(7):e014688. doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.014688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mol A, Slangen LRN, Trappenburg MC, et al. Blood Pressure Drop Rate After Standing Up Is Associated With Frailty and Number of Falls in Geriatric Outpatients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(7):e014688. doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.014688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
