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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2013-4-95-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-410</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ХРОНИЧЕСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ ПОЧЕК: ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ, КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ, ПРИНЦИПЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic kidney disease: definition, classification, diagnostics, and treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобалава</surname><given-names>Ж. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobalava</surname><given-names>Zh. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м.н., профессор, кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виллевальде</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Villevalde</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м.н., профессор, кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремовцева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremovtseva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м.н., доцент, кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinaef56@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов, Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of People’s Friendship, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кобалава Ж.Д., Виллевальде С.В., Ефремовцева М.А., 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кобалава Ж.Д., Виллевальде С.В., Ефремовцева М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kobalava Z.D., Villevalde S.V., Efremovtseva M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/410">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/410</self-uri><abstract><p>Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) являются самой частой причиной смерти при хронической болезни почек (ХБП), а последняя является независимым фактором риска развития сердечно-сосудистой патологии и смерти. Заболевания сердца и почек имеют общие “традиционные” факторы риска (артериальную гипертонию (АГ), сахарный диабет (СД), ожирение, дислипидемию и др.), а при их сочетании действуют и “нетрадиционные” почечные факторы (гипергидратация, анемия, нарушения фосфорно-кальциевого обмена, системное воспаление и гиперкоагуляция), которые также могут оказывать влияние на риск развития и патогенез ССЗ. </p><p>Высокая распространенность нарушения функции почек, установленная неблагоприятная прогностическая значимость сниженной СКФ (скорости клубочковой фильтрации) и альбуминурии сделало необходимым разработку единых подходов к ведению пациентов с нарушением функции почек, последняя версия которых была опубликована в 2013г под эгидой KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes). Новые рекомендации KDIGO предлагают классифицировать ХБП не только с учетом категорий СКФ, но и альбуминурии, что позволяет стратифицировать больных ХБП по риску развития осложнений. Основанием для введения новой классификации послужили убедительные данные о том, что риски общей и сердечно-сосудистой смертности, развития ТХПН, острого повреждения почек и прогрессирования ХБП существенно отличаются в зависимости от уровня экскреции альбумина с мочой в любом диапазоне СКФ. </p><p>Необходимость раннего выявления нарушений функционального состояния почек и сердца для стратификации риска, определения стратегии и тактики лечения подтверждает также эволюция почечного раздела национальных и международных рекомендаций по артериальной гипертонии (АГ), атеросклерозу, кардиоваскулярной профилактике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). At the same time, CKD is an independent risk factor of CVD and mortality. CVD and CKD share common conventional risk factors (such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia). The combination of CVD and CKD is associated with such non-conventional renal risk factors as hyperhydratation, anemia, phosphorus and calcium metabolism disturbances,systemic inflammation,  and hypercoagulation, which can also influence the development and pathogenesis of CVD. </p><p>High prevalence of renal dysfunction and adverse prognostic role of reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria justified the development of the universal therapeutic strategy for CKD patients. The latest version of these recommendations was published in 2013, as a part of the KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) initiative. The latest KDIGO recommendations classify CKD not only by GFR categories, but also by albuminuria levels, which provides an opportunity to stratify patients by their complication risk. The new classification is based on the evidence demonstrating that the risks of total and cardiovascular mortality, acute renal damage, and CKD progression substantially differ by the levels of urinary albumin excretion, regardless of GFR values. </p><p>The need for early diagnostics of renal and cardiovascular dysfunction, in order to stratify risk levels and define the therapeutic strategy and tactics, is also reflected by the updates of the national and international recommendations on arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular prevention.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечно-сосудистый риск</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>скорость клубочковой фильтрации</kwd><kwd>альбуминурия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>glomerular filtration rate</kwd><kwd>albuminuria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Go A. 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