References

russjcardiol

Российский кардиологический журнал

Russian Journal of Cardiology

1560-40712618-7620

«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC

10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4019

russjcardiol-4019

Research Article

ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

REVIEW

Особенности электрокардиографических изменений при некоронарогенных синдромах у пациентов с COVID-19

Features of electrocardiographic changes in non-coronarogenic syndromes in patients with COVID-19

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-0980

Шляхто

Е. В.

Shlyakhto

E. V.

Шляхто Евгений Владимирович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, генеральный директор.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

shlyakhto@almazovcentre.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-631X

Пармон

Е. В.

Parmon

E. V.

Пармон Елена Валерьевна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, директор Института медицинского образования.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

edelbern@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0734-0791

Бернгардт

Э. Р.

Berngardt

E. R.

Бернгардт Эдвард Робертович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней, старший научный сотрудник НИЛ электрокардиологии Института сердца и сосудов.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

edbern@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-8743

Жабина

Е. С.

Zhabina

E. S.

Жабина Екатерина Сергеевна — научный сотрудник НИЛ электрокардиологии Института сердца и сосудов.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

zhabina-ekaterina@mail.ru

ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова Минздрава РоссииРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CenterRussian Federation

2020

14082020

25740194019

2020

Шляхто Е.В., Пармон Е.В., Бернгардт Э.Р., Жабина Е.С.

Shlyakhto E.V., Parmon E.V., Berngardt E.R., Zhabina E.S.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4019

Продолжающаяся пандемия, вызванная вирусом SARS-CoV-2, побуждает искать пути спасения жизней. Поскольку с этим заболеванием люди встретились впервые, оно активно изучается, и крайне ценно обновление медицинской информации. Цель данного обзора — систематизировать литературные сведения о влиянии SARS-CoV-2 на сердечно-сосудистую систему, акцентировав внимание на изменениях поверхностной электрокардиограммы в зависимости от клинического течения заболевания, особенностей проводимого лечения и исходов, и возможным выявлением электрокардиографических предикторов развития осложнений, а также внезапной сердечной смерти у пациентов с некоронарогенными синдромами при новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19).

The ongoing pandemic caused by virus SARS-CoV-2 encourages the search for ways to save the population. Since people first encountered this disease, it is being actively studied, and updating medical information is extremely valuable. Since people first encountered this disease, it is being actively studied, and updating medical information is extremely valuable. The purpose of this review is to systematize the literature on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the cardiovascular system, focusing on changes in the surface electrocardiogram depending on the clinical course of the disease, the characteristics of the treatment and outcomes, and the possible identification of electrocardiographic predictors of complications, as well as sudden cardiac death in patients with non-coronarogenic syndromes with new virus infection (COVID-19).

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2электрокардиографиясердечнососудистая системапредикторы неблагоприятного течения

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2electrocardiographycardiovascular systempredictors of the adverse course

References1

Dong E, Du H, Gardner L. An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(5):533-4. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1.

Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239-42. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648.

Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181(2):271-80.e8. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052.

Madjid M, Safavi-Naeini P, Solomon SD, et al. Potential effects of Coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system. JAMA Cardiol. 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.

Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, et al. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(3):13-364. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017.

Clerkin KJ, Fried JA, Raikhelkar J, et al. COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2020;141(20):1648-55. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941.

Tikellis C, Thomas MC. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key modulator of the renin angiotensin system in health and disease. Int J Pept. 2012;2012:256294. doi:10.1155/2012/256294.

Шляхто Е. В., Конради А. О., Арутюнов Г. П. и др. Руководство по диагностике и лечению болезней системы кровообращения в контексте пандемии COVID-19. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(3):129-48. doi:10.15 829/15604071202033801.

Shlyakhto EV, Konradi AO, Arutyunov GP. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of circulatory system diseases in the context of a pandemic COVID-19. Russ J Cardiol. 2020; 25(3):129-48. (In Russ.) doi:10.15 829/15604071202033801.

Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis . 2020;20(4):425-434. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30086-4.

Casey K, Iteen A, Nicolini R, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia with hemoptysis: Acute segmental pulmonary emboli associated with novel coronavirus infection. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;S0735-6757(20)30239-4. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.011.

Konstantinides S, Meyer G, Becattini S, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonaryembolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society. European Heart Journal. 2020;41:543-603. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405.

Shopp J, Stewart L, Emmett T, et al. Findings from 12-lead electrocardiography that predict circulatory shock from pulmonary embolism: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22(10):1127-37. doi:10.1111/acem.12769.

Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109 (5): 531-8. doi:10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9.

Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;e200950. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950.

Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, et al. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(5):846-8. doi:10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x.

Hu H, Ma F, Wei X, et al. Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis saved with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. Eur Heart J. 2020. doi:101093/eurheartj/ehaa190.

Siripanthong B, Nazarian S, Muser D, et al. Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: the possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management. Heart rhythm. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001.

Inciardi R, Lupi L, Zaccone G, et al. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096.

Doyen D, Moceri P, Ducreux D, et al. Myocarditis in a patient with COVID-19: a cause of raised troponin and ECG changes. Lancet. 2020;395(10235):1516. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30912-0.

Caforio A, Pankuweit S, Arbustini E, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(33):2636-48. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht210.

Zeng J-H, Liu Y-X, Yuan J. First case of COVID-19 infection with fulminant myocarditis complication: case report and insights. Infection. 2020;1-5. doi:10.1007/s15010-020-01424-5.

Meyer P, Degrauwe S, Van Delden C, et al. Typical takotsubo syndrome triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(19):1860. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa306.

Bybee K, Motiei A, Syed I, et al. Electrocardiography cannot reliably differentiate transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome from anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J. Electrocardiol. 2007;40(1):38.e1-38.e386. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2006.04.007.

Ghadri J, Wittstein I, Prasad A, et al. International expert consensus document on Takotsubo syndrome (part I): clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and pathophysiology. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(22):2032-46. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy076.

Roca E, Lombardi C, Campana M, et al. Takotsubo Syndrome Associated with COVID-19. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020;7(5):001665. doi:10.12890/2020_001665.

Minhas A, Scheel P, Garibaldi B, et al. Takotsubo syndrome in the setting of COVID-19. JACC Case Rep. 2020. 2(9):1321-1325. doi:10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.023.

Gopinathannair R, Merchant F, Lakkireddy D, et al. COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2020;1-8. doi:10.1007/s10840-020-00789-9.

Yang C, Jin Z. An Acute Respiratory Infection Runs Into the Most Common Noncommunicable Epidemic — COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases. JAMA Cardiol. 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0934.

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054-62. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan. China JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585.

Бернгардт Э. Р., Пармон Е. В., Трешкур Т. В., и др. Тахииндуцированная кардиомиопатия. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2007;4:40-5.

Berngardt ER, Parmon EV, Treshkur TV, et al. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2007;(4):40-5. (In Russ.)

Wu S, Postema P, Arbelo E, et al. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Heart Rhythm. 2020;S1547-5271(20)30285-X. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.03.024.

Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;105949. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949.

Mzayek F, Deng H, Mather F, et al. Randomized dose-ranging controlled trial of AQ-13, a candidate antimalarial, and chloroquine in healthy volunteers. PLoS Clin Trials. 2007;2(1):e6. doi:10.1371/journal.pctr.0020006.

Van den Broek M, Mohlmann J, Abeln B, et al. Chloroquine-induced QTc prolongation in COVID-19 patients. Neth Heart J. 2020;1-4. doi:10.1007/s12471-020-01429-7.

Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, et al. A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19. Engl J Med. 2020; 382 (19): 1787-99. doi:10,1056/NEJMoa2001282.

Chinello P, Petrosillo N, Pittalis S, et al. QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an Ebolavirus-infected patient. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(12):e0006034. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006034.

Poluzzi E, Raschi E, Motola D, et al. Antimicrobials and the risk of Torsades de Pointes. Drug safety. 2010;33:303-14. doi:10.2165/11531850-000000000-00000.

Haissaguerre M, Lemetayer P, Montserrat P, et al. QT long post-extrasystolique: evaluation et signification [Post-extrasystolic long QT: evaluation and significance]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 1991;40(1):15-22.

Yankelson L, Hochstadt A, Sadeh B, et al. New formula for defining “normal” and “prolonged” QT in patients with bundle branch block. J Electrocardiol. 2018;51(3):481-6. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.12.039.

Simpson T, Kovacs R, Stecker E. Ventricular arrhythmia risk due to hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin treatment for COVID-19. American College of Cardiology. Cardiology Magazine. 2020.

Atici A, Pane C, Karaayvaz EB, et al. Evaluation of the Tp-Te interval, Tp-Te/QTc ratio, and QT dispersion in patients with Turner syndrome. Anatol J Cardiol. 2018;20(2):93-9. doi:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2018.98250.

Шляхто Е. В., Татаринова А. А., Трешкур Т. В., и др. Альтернация зубца Т как отражение пространственной гетерогенности желудочковой реполяризации. Вестник аритмологии. 2009;58:42-51.

Shlyakhto EV, Tatarinova AA, Treshkur TV, et al. Alternation of the T wave as a reflection of the spatial heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization. Journal of Arrhythmology. 2009;58:42-51. (In Russ.)

Пармон Е. В., Татаринова А. А., Трешкур Т. В. Микровольтная альтернация зубца Т как новый метод анализа изменений фазы реполяризации и выявления латентной электрической нестабильности миокарда. Кардиология. 2011;6:66-82.

Parmon EV, Tatarinova AA, Treshkur TV. Microvoltage alternation of the T wave as a new method for analyzing changes in the repolarization phase and detecting latent electrical instability of the myocardium. Cardiology. 2011;6:66-82. (In Russ.)

Emori T, Antzelevitch C. Cellular basis for complex T waves and arrhythmic activity following combined I(Kr) and I(Ks) block. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001;12(12):1369-78. doi:10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.01369.x.

Ozturk F, Karaduman M, Coldur R, et al. Interpretation of arrhythmogenic effects of COVID-19 disease through ECG. Aging Male. 2020;1-4. doi:10.1080/13685538.2020.17 69058.

Baranchuk A, Nguyen T, Ryu M, et al. Brugada phenocopy: new terminology and proposed classification. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2012;17(4):299-314. doi:10.1111/j.1542-474X.2012.00525.x.

Vidovich M. Transient Brugada-like ECG pattern in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JACC Case Rep. 2020;10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.007. doi:10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.007.

Chang D, Saleh M, Garcia-Bengo Y, et al. COVID-19 infection unmasking Brugada syndrome. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2020;6(5):237-40. doi:10.1016/j.hrcr.2020.03.012.

Al-Khatib S, Stevenson W, Ackerman M, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm. 2018;15(10):e190-e252. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.10.035.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.