<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2019-7-40-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-3263</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Болезнь-специфичный опросник по исходам, сообщаемым пациентами с артериальной гипертензией. Часть II: валидационное исследование и селекция вопросов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hypertension specific patient-reported outcome measure. Part II: validation survey and item selection process</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-5383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ионов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ionov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ионов Михаил Васильевич — аспирант, младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории патогенеза и терапии артериальной гипертензии научно-исследовательского отдела “Артериальной гипертензии”, младший научный сотрудник Института трансляционной медицины</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionov_mv@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-5950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звартау</surname><given-names>Н. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvartau</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Звартау Надежда Эдвиновна — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отдела биомедицинских исследований лекарственных средств, старший научный сотрудник научноисследовательского отдела “Артериальной гипертензии”, начальник организационно-методического управления по кардиологии и ангиологии; старший научный сотрудник Института трансляционной медицины</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.e.zvartau@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1740-6659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубинина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubinina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубинина Елена Александровна — кандидат психологических наук, доцент кафедры клинической психологии и психологической помощи, научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической психологии и психодиагностики</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trifonovahelen@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6435-7218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хромов-Борисов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khromov-Borisov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хромов-Борисов Никита Николаевич — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikita.khromovborisov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-7812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конради</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konradi</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Конради Александра Олеговна — доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, заместитель генерального директора по научной работе, директор Института трансляционной медицины</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">konradi@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный Медицинский Исследовательский Центр им. В.А. Алмазова Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики (Университет ИТМО)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Center; St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена; Рациональный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University; V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный Медицинский Исследовательский Центр им. В.А. Алмазова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ионов М.В., Звартау Н.Э., Дубинина Е.А., Хромов-Борисов Н.Н., Конради А.О., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ионов М.В., Звартау Н.Э., Дубинина Е.А., Хромов-Борисов Н.Н., Конради А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ionov M.V., Zvartau N.E., Dubinina E.A., Khromov-Borisov N.N., Konradi A.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3263">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3263</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Повышение качества жизни, связанного со здоровьем (КЖ) — один из принципов ценностно-ориентированной медицины. КЖ оценивается показателями исходов, сообщаемых пациентами (ПИСП), в случае артериальной гипертензии (АГ) используются лишь базовые опросники. Экспертами была создана первичная версия АГ-специфичного ПИСП. Цель второго этапа — проведение крупного вали-дационного исследования и статистически-обоснованный отбор вопросов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Анкетирование пациентов с АГ 1-3 степеней тяжести и здоровых добровольцев проводилось в многопрофильном центре. Критерии включения: возраст &gt;18 лет, способность самостоятельно прочесть и ответить на вопросы, отсутствие значимой патологии, требующей госпитализации. Проведена селекция вопросов в соответствии с принципами классической теории тестов (КТТ) и современной теории тестирования (СТТ). Критерии КТТ: оценка чувствительности (стандартное отклонение и коэффициент вариации, соответствующие доверительные интервалы), репрезентативности (коэффициент корреляции “элемент-итог” Пирсона), внутренней согласованности (коэффициент а Кронбаха). Критерии СТТ: оценка сложности вопроса и коэффициент дискриминации а. Каждый вопрос оценивался по 8 критериям. В случае несоответствия ≥4 критериям обсуждалось удаление вопроса из общего пула. Экспертами определялась практическая важность элементов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В анкетировании участвовало 430 человек. Возвращено 407 (94,7%) заполненных ПИСП (от 359 пациентов с АГ, 62,3±11,7 лет; от 48 условно здоровых добровольцев, 38,8±10,5 лет), среднее время заполнения — 24±4,2 мин. Из 163 вопросов 27 отвечали всем критериям, 3 вопроса — ни одному. Из 36 вопросов АГ-части 11 отвечали ≥5 критериям; в общей части — 87 вопросов (33 — в домене физиологии (PHY), 35 — в психологическом (PSY), 8 — в социальном (SOC), 11 — в сфере лечения (THER)). Симметричное распределение критериев было у 25 вопросов, из которых 11 оценены экспертами и оставлены. Для 40 вопросов было зарегистрировано &lt;4 критериев соответствия, 9 из них оставлены после экспертной оценки. Итоговый вариант версии ПИСП содержал 80 вопросов (19 вопросов в сфере PHY, 22 — PSY, 6 — SOC, 13 — THER, 20 АГ-специфичных).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Методики КТТ и СТТ позволили сократить объем ПИСП без потери смысловой насыщенности и необходимости реорганизации понятийной структуры. Следующим этапом запланирована валидация ПИСП.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Improvement of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is one of the basic principles of value-based medicine. HRQoL could be assessed by the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) also in case of arterial hypertension (HTN). However for HTN patients only generic PROMs are still used. Previously the group of experts had created the primary version of HTN-specific PROM. The purpose of the second part was to conduct a validation survey and to select the items in a statistically-based manner.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Validation survey was conducted in a large multidisciplinary center among patients with HTN stages 1-3 and healthy volunteers. Inclusion criteria were age &gt;18 years old, ability to understand or complete the scale themselves, absence of significant illness requiring hospitalization. The items were selected according to the principles of classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). The criteria for CTT were sensitivity (standard deviation and coefficient of variation with corresponding confidence intervals), representativeness (item-total Pearson’s correlation coefficient), internal consistency (Cronbach’s a coefficient). In IRT analysis two methods were adopted — value of four degrees of difficulty and the discrimination estimate. Each question was evaluated according to 8 criteria. An item was considered for selection when it was retained by ≥4 criteria. The expert panel considered practical significance of each item.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A total of 430 questionnaires were distributed and 407 (94,7%) of them were returned completed (from 359 hypertensive patients, mean age 62,3±11,7 y.o.; 48 healthy volunteers, mean age 38,8±10,5 y.o.). The average time for PROM filling was 24±4,2 minutes. Of 163 questions, 27 met all 8 criteria and 3 questions did not match any. Of the 36 HTN-specific questions, 11 matched ≥5 criteria and in the generic part there were 87 questions (33 in the PHY domain, 35 for PSY, 8 for SOC, 11 for THER). The symmetric distribution of criteria was seen in 25 questions, of which 11 were evaluated by experts and then retained. For 40 questions, &lt;4 eligibility criteria were recorded, of which 9 were retained after expert review. The PROM draft contained 80 questions (19 questions in the physiology domain, 22 in psychology, 6 in social, 13 in therapy, 20 items are HTN-specific).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The methods of CTT and IRT allowed to reduce the PROM volume without losing the semantic richness and the need to reorganize the conceptual structure. The next step is the validation of the scale.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>исходы</kwd><kwd>сообщаемые пациентами</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>связанное со здоровьем</kwd><kwd>опросник</kwd><kwd>классическая теория тестов</kwd><kwd>теория тестовых заданий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>patient-reported outcome measures</kwd><kwd>health-related quality of life</kwd><kwd>questionnaire</kwd><kwd>classical test theory</kwd><kwd>item response theory</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 17-15- 01177)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project № 17-15-01177)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Lond Engl. 2018;392:1923-94. doi:101016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Lond Engl. 2018;392:1923-94. doi:101016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foreman KJ, Marquez N, Dolgert A, et al. Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories. The Lancet. 2018;392:2052-90. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31694-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foreman KJ, Marquez N, Dolgert A, et al. Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories. The Lancet. 2018;392:2052-90. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31694-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trevisol DJ, Moreira LB, Kerkhoff A, et al. Health-related quality of life and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Hypertens. 2011 ;29:179-88. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328340d76f.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trevisol DJ, Moreira LB, Kerkhoff A, et al. Health-related quality of life and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Hypertens. 2011 ;29:179-88. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328340d76f.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, et al. Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at Least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015. JAMA. 2017;317:165-82. doi:101001/jama.2016.19043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, et al. Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at Least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015. JAMA. 2017;317:165-82. doi:101001/jama.2016.19043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Youssef RM, Moubarak II, Kamel MI. Factors affecting the quality of life of hypertensive patients. East Mediterr Health J Rev Sante Mediterr Orient Al-Majallah Al-Sihhiyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassit. 2005;11:109-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Youssef RM, Moubarak II, Kamel MI. Factors affecting the quality of life of hypertensive patients. East Mediterr Health J Rev Sante Mediterr Orient Al-Majallah Al-Sihhiyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassit. 2005;11:109-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3021-104. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3021-104. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ягудина Р. И., Сороковиков И. В. Методология проведения анализа “Затраты-полезность” при проведении фармакоэкономических исследований. Фармакоэкономика Современная Фармакоэкономика и Фармакоэпидемиология. 2012;5:9-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yagudina RI, Sorovikov IV. Methodology of Cost-Utility Analysis in Pharmacoeconomic Studies. Farmakoekonomika. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology. 2012;5:9-12. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ионов М. В., Звартау Н. Э., Дубинина Е. А., и др. Болезнь-специфичный опросник по исходам, сообщаемым пациентами с артериальной гипертензией. Часть I: создание и первичная оценка. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2019;24(6):54-60. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2019-6-54-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ionov MV, Zvartau NE, Dubinina EA, et al. Hypertension specific patient-reported outcome measure. Part I: development and primary evaluation Russ J Cardiol. 2019;24(6):54-60. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2019-6-54-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Guidance for industry. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims. 2009. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/patient-reported-outcome-measures-use-medical-product-development-support-labeling-claims (13 April 2019).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Guidance for industry. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims. 2009. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/patient-reported-outcome-measures-use-medical-product-development-support-labeling-claims (13 April 2019).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eremenco S, Coons SJ, Paty J, et al. PRO data collection in clinical trials using mixed modes: report of the ISPOR PRO mixed modes good research practices task force. Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res. 2014;17:501-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.06.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eremenco S, Coons SJ, Paty J, et al. PRO data collection in clinical trials using mixed modes: report of the ISPOR PRO mixed modes good research practices task force. Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res. 2014;17:501-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.06.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reeve BB, Wyrwich KW, Wu AW, et al. ISOQOL recommends minimum standards for patient-reported outcome measures used in patient-centered outcomes and comparative effectiveness research. Qual Life Res Int J Qual Life Asp Treat Care Rehabil. 2013 ;22:1889-905. doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0344-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reeve BB, Wyrwich KW, Wu AW, et al. ISOQOL recommends minimum standards for patient-reported outcome measures used in patient-centered outcomes and comparative effectiveness research. Qual Life Res Int J Qual Life Asp Treat Care Rehabil. 2013 ;22:1889-905. doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0344-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedersen AB, Mikkelsen EM, Cronin-Fenton D, et al. Missing data and multiple imputation in clinical epidemiological research. Clin Epidemiol. 2017;9:157-66. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S129785.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedersen AB, Mikkelsen EM, Cronin-Fenton D, et al. Missing data and multiple imputation in clinical epidemiological research. Clin Epidemiol. 2017;9:157-66. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S129785.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhi L, Qiaojun L, Yanbo Z. Development and validation of patient-reported outcomes scale for hypertension. Int J Qual Health Care J Int Soc Qual Health Care. 2015;27:369-76. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzv060.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhi L, Qiaojun L, Yanbo Z. Development and validation of patient-reported outcomes scale for hypertension. Int J Qual Health Care J Int Soc Qual Health Care. 2015;27:369-76. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzv060.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bock RD. A Brief History of Item Theory Response. Educ Meas Issues Pract 1997;16:21-33. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3992.1997.tb00605.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bock RD. A Brief History of Item Theory Response. Educ Meas Issues Pract 1997;16:21-33. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3992.1997.tb00605.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjorner JB, Rose M, Gandek B, et al. Difference in method of administration did not significantly impact item response: an IRT-based analysis from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) initiative. Qual Life Res Int J Qual Life Asp Treat Care Rehabil. 2014;23:217-27. doi:101007/s11136-013-0451-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjorner JB, Rose M, Gandek B, et al. Difference in method of administration did not significantly impact item response: an IRT-based analysis from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) initiative. Qual Life Res Int J Qual Life Asp Treat Care Rehabil. 2014;23:217-27. doi:101007/s11136-013-0451-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
