<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2019-2-12-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-3138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регистр взрослых больных с некомпактным миокардом левого желудочка: классификация клинических форм и проспективная оценка их прогрессирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Register of adult patients with noncompact left ventricular myocardium: classification of clinical forms and a prospective assessment of progression</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-7763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павленко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павленко Екатерина Вадимовна — аспирант, ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии № 1 лечебного факультета</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evd88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-793X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Благова Ольга Владимировна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии № 1 лечебного факультета</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">blagovao@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8868-0623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вариончик</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varionchik</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вариончик Надежда Васильевна — аспирант кафедры факультетской терапии № 1 лечебного факультета</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vanadya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9587-6707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недоступ</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedostup</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Недоступ Александр Викторович — доктор медицинских наук, научный сотрудник НИО кардиологии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evd88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2326-9347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Седов Всеволод Парисович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры лучевой диагностики лечебного факультета</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vps52@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-1945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляк</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyak</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поляк Маргарита Евгеньевна — научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской генетики.</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">margaritapolyak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-9546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заклязьминская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaklyazminskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заклязьминская Елена Валерьевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующийлабораторией медицинской генетики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">helenezak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Y.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Российский научный центр хирургии им. академика Б.В. Петровского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>B.V. Petrovskiy Russian Scientific Center of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павленко Е.В., Благова О.В., Вариончик Н.В., Недоступ А.В., Седов В.П., Поляк М.Е., Заклязьминская Е.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павленко Е.В., Благова О.В., Вариончик Н.В., Недоступ А.В., Седов В.П., Поляк М.Е., Заклязьминская Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlenko E.V., Blagova O.V., Varionchik N.V., Nedostup A.V., Sedov V.P., Polyak M.E., Zaklyazminskaya E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3138">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3138</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить спектр клинических форм некомпактного миокарда (НКМ) у взрослых, особенности их проявления, течения и прогрессирования в процессе проспективного наблюдения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включены 116 взрослых пациентов с НКМ левого желудочка (ЛЖ), 67 мужчин, средний возраст 46,3±15,1 года) и 42 больных с повышенной трабекулярностью (ПТ) ЛЖ (24 мужчины, средний возраст 43,5±15,2 лет). Средний конечный диастолический размер ЛЖ составил 6,0±0,8 и 5,9±1,1 см, фракция выброса (ФВ) ЛЖ 38,6±14,0% и 44,6±18,3%, соответственно. Диагноз НКМ поставлен при помощи эхокардиографии, мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (n=77) и магнитно-резонансной томографии (n=51), диагноз ПТ — по данным эхокардиографии, магнитно-резонансной томографии (n=11), мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (n=24). ДНК-диагностика проводилась по методу NGS с последующим секвенированием по Сенгеру. Обследование включало определение антикардиальных антител, генома кардиотропных вирусов методом ПЦР, коронарографию (n=29/2), сцинтиграфию (n=27/4). Морфологическое исследование миокарда выполнено 22/6 больным с НКМ/ПТ (14/6 эндомиокардиальных, 1 интраоперационная биопсия, 3 исследования эксплантированного сердца, 6 аутопсий). Средний срок наблюдения при НКМ составил 15 [5;40] мес., при ПТ — 6 [2;19] мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Патогенные мутации обнаружены у 12 (10,3%) больных в генах тяжелой цепи бета-миозина (MYH7), миозин-связывающего белка С (MyBPC3), лизосом-ассоциированного мембранного протеина 2 (LAMP2), десмина (DES), десмоплакина (DSP), титина (TTN), варианты с неустановленным клиническим значением (VUCS) — еще у 5 (4,3%); при ПТ у 1 больного выявлен VUCS. О наличии семейной кардиомиопатии можно думать у 24 пациентов (22%). Сочетание НКМ с врожденными пороками сердца диагностировано у 11 (9,5%) больных. Выделены 6 клинических вариантов (форм, сценариев диагностики) НКМ: бессимптомный (2% всех больных регистра), аритмический (15%), ишемический (7%), НКМ у больных с дилатационной кардиомиопатией (42%), НКМ у больных с острым/подострым миокардитом (12%) и в сочетании с другими первичными кардиомиопатиями (22%) — гипертрофической кардиомиопатией, аритмогенной дисплазией правого желудочка, рестриктивной кардиомиопатией, первичной миодистрофией, саркоидозом сердца, болезнью Данона. Миокардит диагностирован у 51,7% больных с разными формами НКМ и у 59,5% больных с ПТ. Час тота основных клинических проявлений НКМ (хроническая сердечная недостаточность, различные нарушения ритма сердца, тромбоэмболические осложнения) и исходов варьировали в группах больных с разными вариантами течения НКМ. У больных с ПТ ЛЖ (не достигающей критериев НКМ) отмечены сходные клинические варианты при менее выраженной степени дисфункции миокарда, более редких жизнеугрожающих аритмиях и эмболиях. Диагностированные исходно клинические формы отличались стабильностью во времени. При анализе динамики ФВ и конечного диастолического размера ЛЖ отмечено достоверное улучшение только в группе больных с острым/подострым миокардитом (ФВ возросла с 27,3% до 39,2%, p&lt;0,05), большинству из которых проводилась базисная терапия миокардита. В остальных группах отмечено недостоверное улучшение. Показатель “летальность+трансплантация” составил 18% (21 больной).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. НКМ может быть выявлен у пациента любого возраста как с диагностированным ранее заболеванием сердца (ишемическая болезнь сердца, гипертоническая болезнь, врожденные пороки сердца, кардиомиопатии, миокардит и пр.), так и в отсутствие всяких симптомов. Предложена расширенная и дополненная клиническая классификация НКМ. Для выделенных клинических форм характерна стабильность во времени с тенденцией к улучшению на фоне комплексной медикаментозной терапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study clinical forms of noncompact myocardium (NCM) in adults, the features of their manifestation, course and progression.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 116 adult patients with NCM of the left ventricle (LV) (67 men, mean age 46,3±15,1 years) and 42 patients with increased LV trabecularity (24 men, mean age 43,5±15,2 years). The mean LV end-diastolic diameter was 6,0±0,8 and 5,9±1,1 cm, LV ejection fraction was 38,6±14,0% and 44,6±18,3%, respectively. NCM was diagnosed using echocardiography, multispiral computed tomography (n=77) and magnetic resonance imaging (n=51), increased LV trabecularity was diagnosed according to echocardiography, multispiral computed tomography (n=11), multispiral computed tomography (n=24). DNA diagnostics was carried out according to the NGS method, followed by Sanger sequencing. The examination included the determination of anticardial antibodies, the genome of cardiotropic viruses by PCR, coronary angiography (n=29/2), scintigraphy (n=27/4). A morphological study of the myocardium was performed on 22/6 patients with NCM/increased LV trabecularity (14/6 endomyocardial biopsy, 1 intraoperative biopsy, 3 explanted heart studies, 6 autopsies).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Pathogenic mutations were found in 12 (10,3%) patients (MYH7, MyBPC3, LAMP2, DES, DSP, TTNgenes), variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUCS) — in other 5 (4,3%) patients; we detected VUCS in 1 patient with increased LV trabecularity. Familial cardiomyopathy may be diagnosed in 24 patients (22%). The combination of NCM with congenital heart defects was diagnosed in 11 (9,5%) patients. We identified six clinical variants of NCM: asymptomatic (2%), arrhythmic (15%), ischemic (7%), NCM in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (42%), NCM in patients with acute/subacute myocarditis (12%) and in combination with other primary cardiomyopathies (22%) — hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, restrictive cardiomyopathy, primary myodystrophy, cardiac sarcoidosis, Danon disease. Myocarditis was diagnosed in 51,7% of patients with various forms of NCM and in 59,5% of patients with increased LV trabecularity. The frequency of the main clinical manifestations of NCM (chronic heart failure, various cardiac arrhythmias, thromboembolic complications) and outcomes varied in groups of patients with different variants of the NCM course. In patients with increased LV trabecularity, similar clinical variants were noted with a less severe myocardial dysfunction, rare arrhythmias and embolism. A significant improvement in dynamics of EF and LV end-diastolic diameter was noted only in the group of patients with acute/subacute, most of which received basic myocarditis therapy. In other groups, there was an unreliable improvement.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. NCM can be detected in a patient of any age with a previously diagnosed heart disease (coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, etc.), and in the absence of any symptoms. Stable clinical forms are characterized by stability over time with a tendency to improvement against the background of complex medical therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>некомпактный миокард</kwd><kwd>клинические формы</kwd><kwd>идиопатические аритмии</kwd><kwd>ДКМП</kwd><kwd>миокардит</kwd><kwd>эндомиокардиальная биопсия</kwd><kwd>гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>рестриктивная кардиомиопатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>noncompact myocardium</kwd><kwd>clinical forms</kwd><kwd>idiopathic arrhythmias</kwd><kwd>DCMP</kwd><kwd>myocarditis</kwd><kwd>endomyocardial biopsy</kwd><kwd>hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>restrictive cardiomyopathy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the european society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(2):270-6. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the european society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(2):270-6. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stollberger C, Gerecke B, Finsterer J, Engberding R. Refinement of echocardiographic criteria for left ventricular noncompaction. Int J Cardiol. 2013;165(3):463-7 doi:101016/j.ijcard.2011.08.845.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stollberger C, Gerecke B, Finsterer J, Engberding R. Refinement of echocardiographic criteria for left ventricular noncompaction. Int J Cardiol. 2013;165(3):463-7 doi:101016/j.ijcard.2011.08.845.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stollberger C, Wegner C, Finsterer J. Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction, cardiac phenotype, and neuromuscular disorders. Herz. 2018 Apr 6. doi:101007/s00059-018-4695-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stollberger C, Wegner C, Finsterer J. Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction, cardiac phenotype, and neuromuscular disorders. Herz. 2018 Apr 6. doi:101007/s00059-018-4695-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charron P, Elliott PM, Gimeno JR, et al. EORP Cardiomyopathy Registry Investigators. The Cardiomyopathy Registry of the EURObservational Research Programme of the European Society of Cardiology: baseline data and contemporary management of adult patients with cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(20):1784-93. doi:101093/eurheartj/ehx819.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charron P, Elliott PM, Gimeno JR, et al. EORP Cardiomyopathy Registry Investigators. The Cardiomyopathy Registry of the EURObservational Research Programme of the European Society of Cardiology: baseline data and contemporary management of adult patients with cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(20):1784-93. doi:101093/eurheartj/ehx819.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sedmera D, McQuinn T. Embryogenesis of the heart muscle. Heart Fail Clin. 2008; 4(3):235-45. doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2008.02.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedmera D, McQuinn T. Embryogenesis of the heart muscle. Heart Fail Clin. 2008; 4(3):235-45. doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2008.02.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Благова О. В., Недоступ А. В., Павленко Е. В., и др. Инфаркт миокарда как типичное проявление некомпактной кардиомиопатии. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;(10):80-92. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2016-10-80-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blagova OV, Nedostup AV, Pavlenko EV, et al. Myocardial infarction as typical presentation of noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;(10):80-92. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2016-10-80-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Благова О. В., Павленко Е. В., Вариончик Н.В., и др. Миокардит как закономерный феномен у больных с первичным некомпактным миокардом: диагностика, лечение и влияние на исходы. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;(2):44-52. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2018-2-44-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blagova OV, Pavlenko EV, Varionchik NV, et al. Myocarditis as a legitimate phenomenon in non-compaction myocardium: diagnostics, management and influence on outcomes. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;(2):44-52. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2018-2-44-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towbin JA. Left ventricular noncompaction: a new form of heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2010;6(4):453-69. doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2010.06.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towbin JA. Left ventricular noncompaction: a new form of heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2010;6(4):453-69. doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2010.06.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towbin JA, Lorts A, Jefferies JL. Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 2015;386(9995):813-25. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61282-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towbin JA, Lorts A, Jefferies JL. Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 2015;386(9995):813-25. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61282-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Благова О. В., Недоступ А.В., Седов В. П. и др. Некомпактный миокард как первичный феномен или следствие дисфункции миокарда: клинические маски синдрома. Кардиология. 2012;52(11):17-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blagova OV, Nedostup AV, Sedov VP, et al. Noncompaction myocardium as a primary phenomenon or consequence of myocardial dysfunction: clinical masks of the syndrome. Kardiologiia. 2012;52(11):17-26. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляк М. Е., Мершина Е. А., Заклязьминская Е. В. Некомпактный миокард левого желудочка: симптом, синдром или вариант развития? Российский кардиологический журнал. 2017;(2): 106-13. doi: 1015829/1560-4071-2017-2-106-113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyak ME, Mershina EA, Zaklyazminskaya EV. Non-compaction left ventricle myocardium: a symptom, syndrome or development variation? Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;(2): 106-13. (In Russ.) Поляк М. Е., Мершина Е. А., Заклязьминская Е. В. Некомпактный миокард левого желудочка: симптом, синдром или вариант развития? Российский кардиологический журнал. 2017;(2): 106-13. doi: 1015829/1560-4071-2017-2-106-113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engberding R, Stollberger C, Ong P, et al. Isolated non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010;107(12):206-13 doi:10.3238/ai7tebl.2010.0206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engberding R, Stollberger C, Ong P, et al. Isolated non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010;107(12):206-13 doi:10.3238/ai7tebl.2010.0206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weir-McCall JR, Yeap PM, Papagiorcopulo C, et al. Left Ventricular Noncompaction: Anatomical Phenotype or Distinct Cardiomyopathy? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(20):2157-65. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.08.054.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weir-McCall JR, Yeap PM, Papagiorcopulo C, et al. Left Ventricular Noncompaction: Anatomical Phenotype or Distinct Cardiomyopathy? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(20):2157-65. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.08.054.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ronderos R, Avegliano G, Borelli E, et al. Estimation of Prevalence of the Left Ventricular Noncompaction Among Adults. Am J Cardiol. 2016;118(6):901-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.06.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ronderos R, Avegliano G, Borelli E, et al. Estimation of Prevalence of the Left Ventricular Noncompaction Among Adults. Am J Cardiol. 2016;118(6):901-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.06.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Waning JI, Caliskan K, Hoedemaekers YM, et al. Genetics, Clinical Features, and LongTerm Outcome of Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(7):711-22. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Waning JI, Caliskan K, Hoedemaekers YM, et al. Genetics, Clinical Features, and LongTerm Outcome of Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(7):711-22. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreini D, Pontone G, Bogaert J, et al. Long-Term Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Left Ventricle Noncompaction: A Prospective Multicenter Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(20):2166-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.08.053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreini D, Pontone G, Bogaert J, et al. Long-Term Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Left Ventricle Noncompaction: A Prospective Multicenter Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(20):2166-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.08.053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takasaki A, Hirono K, Hata Y, et al. Sarcomere gene variants act as a genetic trigger underlying the development of left ventricular noncompaction. Pediatr Res. 2018;84(5):733-42. doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0162-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takasaki A, Hirono K, Hata Y, et al. Sarcomere gene variants act as a genetic trigger underlying the development of left ventricular noncompaction. Pediatr Res. 2018;84(5):733-42. doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0162-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller EM, Hinton RB, Czosek R, et al. Genetic Testing in Pediatric Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2017;10(6). pii:e001735. doi:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.117.001735.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller EM, Hinton RB, Czosek R, et al. Genetic Testing in Pediatric Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2017;10(6). pii:e001735. doi:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.117.001735.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhat T, Lafferty J, Teli S, et al. Isolated left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography. Clin Med Insights Cardiol. 2011;5:23-7. doi:10.4137/CMC.S6240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhat T, Lafferty J, Teli S, et al. Isolated left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography. Clin Med Insights Cardiol. 2011;5:23-7. doi:10.4137/CMC.S6240.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shoji M, Yamashita T, Uejima T, et al. Electrocardiography characteristics of isolated non-compaction of ventricular myocardium in Japanese adult patients. Circ J. 2010;74(7):1431-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shoji M, Yamashita T, Uejima T, et al. Electrocardiography characteristics of isolated non-compaction of ventricular myocardium in Japanese adult patients. Circ J. 2010;74(7):1431-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharbanda M, Hunter A, Tennant S, et al. Long QT syndrome and left ventricular noncompaction in 4 family members across 2 generations with KCNQ1 mutation. Eur J Med Genet. 2017;60(5):233-8. doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.02.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharbanda M, Hunter A, Tennant S, et al. Long QT syndrome and left ventricular noncompaction in 4 family members across 2 generations with KCNQ1 mutation. Eur J Med Genet. 2017;60(5):233-8. doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.02.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roston TM, Guo W, Krahn AD, et al. A novel RYR2 loss-of-function mutation (I4855M) is associated with left ventricular non-compaction and atypical catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. J Electrocardiol. 2017;50(2):227-33. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.09.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roston TM, Guo W, Krahn AD, et al. A novel RYR2 loss-of-function mutation (I4855M) is associated with left ventricular non-compaction and atypical catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. J Electrocardiol. 2017;50(2):227-33. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.09.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jefferies JL, Wilkinson JD, Sleeper LA, et al. Cardiomyopathy Phenotypes and Outcomes for Children With Left Ventricular Myocardial Noncompaction: Results From the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. J Card Fail. 2015;21 (11 ):877-84. doi:101016/j.cardfail.2015.06.381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jefferies JL, Wilkinson JD, Sleeper LA, et al. Cardiomyopathy Phenotypes and Outcomes for Children With Left Ventricular Myocardial Noncompaction: Results From the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. J Card Fail. 2015;21 (11 ):877-84. doi:101016/j.cardfail.2015.06.381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karaca O, Cakal B, Cakal SD, et al. Which one is Worse? Acute Myocarditis and Co-existing Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy in the Same Patient. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(6):OJ01. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/11774.6033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karaca O, Cakal B, Cakal SD, et al. Which one is Worse? Acute Myocarditis and Co-existing Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy in the Same Patient. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(6):OJ01. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/11774.6033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patil KG, Salagre SB, Itolikar SM. Left ventricular non-compaction with viral myocarditis: a rare presentation of a rarer disease. J Assoc Physicians India. 2014;62(3):261-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patil KG, Salagre SB, Itolikar SM. Left ventricular non-compaction with viral myocarditis: a rare presentation of a rarer disease. J Assoc Physicians India. 2014;62(3):261-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shariati J, Schlosser T, Erbel R. [Noncompaction cardiomyopathy]. [Article in German] Herz. 2015;40(4):583-90. doi:101007/s00059-015-4233-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shariati J, Schlosser T, Erbel R. [Noncompaction cardiomyopathy]. [Article in German] Herz. 2015;40(4):583-90. doi:101007/s00059-015-4233-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
