<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2018-12-32-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-2928</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность лечения аритмий и синдрома дилатационной кардиомиопатии иммунно-воспалительного генеза с помощью плазмафереза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Treatment efficacy of arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy syndrome of immune-inflammatory nature using plasmapheresis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-5542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликова Виктория Александровна — аспирант кафедры факультетской терапии № 1 лечебного факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">kulikova-victoria@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-3151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недоступ</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedostup</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Недоступ Александр Викторович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии № 1 лечебного факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">avnedostup@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-793X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Благова Ольга Владимировна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии № 1 лечебного факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">blagovao@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0102-9740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайденов</surname><given-names>В А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaidenov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайденов Владимир Анатольевич — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногистохимии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">zaidenov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-5717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyanova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куприянова Анна Геннадьевна — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией патоморфологии и иммунологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">kulikova-victoria@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3037-3516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечаев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechaev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нечаев Илья Андреевич — кандидат медицинских наук, врач-трансфузиолог Центра крови</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">nechaev_ilya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4063-1101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рагимов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ragimov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рагимов Алигейдар Агаалекпер оглы — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Центра крови</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">ra50@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФНЦ трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. акад. В. И. Шумакова</aff><aff xml:lang="en">V. I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-Исследовательский Клинический Институт Педиатрии РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова</aff><aff xml:lang="en">Y. E. Veltischev The Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куликова В.А., Недоступ А.В., Благова О.В., Зайденов В.А., Куприянова А.Г., Нечаев И.А., Рагимов А.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куликова В.А., Недоступ А.В., Благова О.В., Зайденов В.А., Куприянова А.Г., Нечаев И.А., Рагимов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulikova V.A., Nedostup A.V., Blagova O.V., Zaidenov V.A., Kupriyanova A.G., Nechaev I.A., Ragimov A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2928">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2928</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить эффективность плазмафереза в качестве основного вида патогенетического лечения или в сочетании с иммуносупрессивной терапией у больных с дилатационной кардиомиопатией (ДКМП) и аритмиями иммунно-воспалительного генеза.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В основную группу включены 20 больных с аритмическим вариантом миокардита (с наджелудочковой/ желудочковой экстрасистолией &gt;3000/сут/, n=3/8, фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) n=9) и 14 пациентов с синдромом ДКМП (КДР ЛЖ 6,3±0,6см, ФВ 33,5±8,1%). Критерием включения было повышение титров хотя бы 2 видов антикардиальных антител в ≥2 раза. Миокардит диагностирован с применением биопсии миокарда, МРТ, МСКТ, сцинтиграфии, коронарографии. Проведен курс дискретного плазмафереза. В группу сравнения вошли 26 больных с аритмическим вариантом миокардита и 19 с синдромом ДКМП (КДР 6,6±0,8см, ФВ 32,6±7,3%), которым плазмаферез не выполнялся. Динамика оценивалась через 6 и 12 месяцев.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В группах больных с аритмиями и ДКМП отмечено достоверное снижение титров антикардиальных антител непосредственно после плазмафереза и при контрольных исследованиях (p&lt;0,05). У больных с аритмиями хороший эффект (уменьшение количества экстрасистол и частоты ФП ≥75%) отмечен у 65% основной группы и 58% группы сравнения. Предиктором эффективности плазмафереза был титр специфического АНФ≥1:40 (чувствительность 92,3%, специфичность 71,4%, AUC 0,813, р&lt;0,05). Метилпреднизолон назначен 45% больным основной группы и 73% пациентам группы сравнения (p&gt;0,05) в дозе 8[4;16] и 16[10;24] мг в день соответственно, p&gt;0,05. У больных с ДКМП в основной группе получено достоверное (p&lt;0,05) возрастание ФВ (до 41,4±8,2% и 46,3±12,7% vs 39,1±13,7% и 37,2±10,7% в группе сравнения) и дистанции теста с 6-минутной ходьбой. Хороший эффект (возрастание ФВ на 10% и более) отмечен у 50% основной группы и 32% группы сравнения. Предиктором эффективности плазмафереза стало СДЛА≥28,5 ммрт. ст. (чувствительность 100%, специфичность 71,4%, AUC 0,893, p&lt;0,05). В основной группе метилпреднизолон назначен 43% больным, в группе сравнения - 89%, p&lt;0,05. Средние дозы метилпреднизолона в основной группе были достоверно ниже, чем в группе сравнения (8[8;17,25]vs 16[13;28]мг в день, p&lt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Хороший клинический ответ на ПФ отмечен у 65% больных с аритмиями и у 50% пациентов с ДКМП иммунно-воспалительного генеза. У больных с различными вариантами миокардита проведение ПФ повышает эффективность антиаритмической и иммуносупрессивной терапии и позволяет воздержаться от агрессивных режимов иммуносупрессии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the efficacy of plasmapheresis as the main type of pathogenic treatment or in combination with immunosuppressive therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) and arrhythmias of immune-inflammatory nature.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The main group included 20 patients with arrhythmic myocarditis (with premature supraventricular / ventricular contraction &gt;3000/day, n=3/8, atrial fibrillation (AF) n=9) and 14 patients with DCMP syndrome (enddiastolic volume (EDV) left ventricle (LV) 6,3±0,6 cm, ejection fraction (EF) 33,5±8,1%). The inclusion criterion was an increase of at least 2 types of anti-cardiac antibodies titers ≥ twice. Myocarditis is diagnosed using myocardial biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging, multispiral computed tomography, scintigraphy, coronary angiography. We used a course of discrete plasmapheresis. The comparison group included 26 patients with an arrhythmic myocarditis and 19 with DCMP syndrome (EDV 6,6±0,8 cm, EF 32,6±7,3%), which plasmapheresis was not used. Dynamics was assessed at 6 and 12 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In groups of patients with arrhythmias and DCMP, a significant decrease in anti-cardiac antibodies titers was observed immediately after plasmapheresis and in control studies (p&lt;0,05). In patients with arrhythmias, a health-promoting effect (a decrease in the number of premature contraction and a frequency of atrial fibrillation ≥75%) was observed in 65% of the main group and 58% of the comparison group. Predictor of plasmapheresis efficiency was a titer of specific antinuclear factor ≥1: 40 (sensitivity — 92,3%, specificity — 71,4%, AUC — 0,813, p&lt;0,05). Methylprednisolone was prescribed to 45% of patients in the main group and 73% to patients in the comparison group (p&gt;0,05) at a dose of 8 [4; 16] and 16 [10; 24] mg per day, respectively, p&gt;0,05. In patients with DCMP in the main group, a significant increase in EF (p&lt;0,05) (up to 41,4±8,2% and 46,3±12,7% vs 39,1±13,7% and 37,2±10,7% in the comparison group) and the distance of 6-minute walking test was obtained. A good effect (increase in EF by 10% or more) was noted in 50% of the main group and 32% of the comparison group. The predictor of plasmapheresis efficacy was systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery ≥28,5 mm Hg. (sensitivity — 100%, specificity — 71,4%, AUC — 0,893, p&lt;0,05). In the main group, methylprednisolone was assigned to 43% of patients, in the comparison group — 89%, p&lt;0,05. The average doses of methylprednisolone in the main group were significantly lower than in the comparison group (8 [8; 17,25] vs 16 [13; 28] mg per day, p&lt;0,05).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миокардит</kwd><kwd>дилатационная кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>аритмии</kwd><kwd>плазмаферез</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессивная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myocarditis</kwd><kwd>dilated cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>arrhythmias</kwd><kwd>plasmapheresis</kwd><kwd>immunosuppressive therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perry E, Andersson B, Arbustini E, et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. European Heart Journal. 2008 Jan;29(2):270-6. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perry E, Andersson B, Arbustini E, et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. European Heart Journal. 2008 Jan;29(2):270-6. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Escher F, Tschöepe C, Lassner D, et al. Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: from diagnosis to treatment. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2015;43(8):739-48 doi:10.5543/tkda.2015.47750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Escher F, Tschöepe C, Lassner D, et al. Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: from diagnosis to treatment. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2015;43(8):739-48 doi:10.5543/tkda.2015.47750.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rusconi P, Wilkinson J, Sleeper LA, et al. Differences in Presentation and Outcomes between Children with Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Children with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Report from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry Study Group. Circ Heart. Fail. 2017 Feb;10(2):e002637. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002637.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rusconi P, Wilkinson J, Sleeper LA, et al. Differences in Presentation and Outcomes between Children with Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Children with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Report from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry Study Group. Circ Heart. Fail. 2017 Feb;10(2):e002637. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002637.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaboodien G, Maske C, Wainwright H, et al. Prevalence of myocarditis and cardiotropic virus infection in Africans with HIV-associated cardiomyopathy, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and heart transplant recipients: a pilot study: cardiovascular topic. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2013 Jul;24(6):218-23, doi:10.5830/CVJA-2013-039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaboodien G, Maske C, Wainwright H, et al. Prevalence of myocarditis and cardiotropic virus infection in Africans with HIV-associated cardiomyopathy, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and heart transplant recipients: a pilot study: cardiovascular topic. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2013 Jul;24(6):218-23, doi:10.5830/CVJA-2013-039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caforio AL, Pankuweit S, Arbustini E, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. European Heart Journal. 2013;34, 2636-48, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caforio AL, Pankuweit S, Arbustini E, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. European Heart Journal. 2013;34, 2636-48, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jahns R, Boivin V, Schwarzbach V, et al. Pathological autoantibodies in cardiomyopathy. Autoimmunity. 2008 Sep;41(6):454-61. doi:10.1080/08916930802031603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jahns R, Boivin V, Schwarzbach V, et al. Pathological autoantibodies in cardiomyopathy. Autoimmunity. 2008 Sep;41(6):454-61. doi:10.1080/08916930802031603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz J, Winters JL, Padmanabhan A, et al. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice — evidence‐based approach from the writing committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Sixth Special Issue. J Clin Apher. 2013 Jul;28(3):145-284. doi:10.1002/jca.21276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz J, Winters JL, Padmanabhan A, et al. Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice — evidence‐based approach from the writing committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Sixth Special Issue. J Clin Apher. 2013 Jul;28(3):145-284. doi:10.1002/jca.21276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pei J, Li N, Chen J, et al. The predictive values of beta1-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptor autoantibodies for sudden cardiac death in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012 Aug;14(8):887-94. doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfs082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pei J, Li N, Chen J, et al. The predictive values of beta1-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptor autoantibodies for sudden cardiac death in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012 Aug;14(8):887-94. doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfs082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohlow MA, Brunelli M, Schreiber M, et al. Therapeutic effect of immunoadsorption and subsequent immunoglobulin substitution in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Results from the observational prospective Bad Berka Registry. J Cardiol. 2017 Feb;69(2):409-16. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.07.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohlow MA, Brunelli M, Schreiber M, et al. Therapeutic effect of immunoadsorption and subsequent immunoglobulin substitution in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Results from the observational prospective Bad Berka Registry. J Cardiol. 2017 Feb;69(2):409-16. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.07.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koizumi K, Hoshiai M, Toda T, et al. Outcomes of plasma exchange for severe dilated cardiomyopathy in children. Heart Vessels. 2017 Jan;32(1):61-7. doi:10.1007/s00380-0160830-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koizumi K, Hoshiai M, Toda T, et al. Outcomes of plasma exchange for severe dilated cardiomyopathy in children. Heart Vessels. 2017 Jan;32(1):61-7. doi:10.1007/s00380-0160830-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ameling S, Herda LR, Hammer E, et al. Myocardial gene expression profiles and cardiodepressant autoantibodies predict response of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy to immunoadsorption therapy. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:666-75. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ameling S, Herda LR, Hammer E, et al. Myocardial gene expression profiles and cardiodepressant autoantibodies predict response of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy to immunoadsorption therapy. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:666-75. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chimenti C, Russo MA, Carpi A, et al. Histological substrate of human atrial fibrillation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2010 Mar;64(3):177-83. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2009.09.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chimenti C, Russo MA, Carpi A, et al. Histological substrate of human atrial fibrillation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2010 Mar;64(3):177-83. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2009.09.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper LT, Baughman KL, Feldman AM, et al. The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology. Endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Nov 6;50(19):1914-31. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper LT, Baughman KL, Feldman AM, et al. The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology. Endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Nov 6;50(19):1914-31. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewek J, Kaczmarek K, Cygankiewicz I, et al. Inflammation and arrhythmias: potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2014 Sep;12(9):107785. doi: 10.1586/14779072.2014.942286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewek J, Kaczmarek K, Cygankiewicz I, et al. Inflammation and arrhythmias: potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2014 Sep;12(9):107785. doi: 10.1586/14779072.2014.942286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Недоступ А. В., Царегородцев Д. А., Рагимов А. А., и др. Использование плазмафереза при лечении нарушений ритма сердца, резистентных к лекарственной терапии. Терапевтический архив. 2002;74(12):41-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nedostup A, Tsaregorodtsev D, Ragimov A, et al. Plasma exchange in patients with arrhythmias resistant to antiarrhythmic drugs. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2002;74(12):41-6. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Благова О. В., Осипова Ю. В., Недоступ А. В. и др. Клинические, лабораторные и инструментальные критерии миокардита, установленные в сопоставлении с биопсийным исследованием миокарда (алгоритм неинвазивной диагностики). Терапевтический архив. 2017;89(9):30-40. doi:10.17116/terarkh201789930-40</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blagova O, Osipova Yu, Nedostup A, et al. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental criteria for myocarditis, established in comparison with myocardial biopsy: A non-invasive diagnostic algorithm. Ter Arkh. 2017;89(9):30-40. (In Russ.) doi:10.17116/terarkh201789930-40</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
