<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2018-11-70-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-2650</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профилактика геморрагических осложнений при операциях на грудной аорте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevention of hemorrhagic complications during operations on the thoracic aorta</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-350X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панфилов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panfilov</surname><given-names>D. C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м.н., врач сердечно­сосудистый хирург отделения сердечно-сосудистой хирургии.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pand2006@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-7737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Б. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>B. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м.н., в. н.с. отделения сердечнососудистой хирургии, зав. кардиохирургическим отделением № 1.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bnkozlov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-9983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Затолокин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zatolokin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м.н., м. н.с. отделения сердечнососудистой хирургии.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zatolokin@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-0104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м.н., с. н.с. отделения сердечнососудистой хирургии.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">piv@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-7638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходашинский</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodashinsky</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. т.н., профессор кафедры комплексной информационной безопасности электронно­вычислительных систем.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hia@keva.tusur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1956-0692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипулин</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipulin</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м.н., профессор, руководитель отдела сердечно­сосудистой.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shipulin@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно­-исследовательский институт кардиологии, Томский национальный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tomsk National Research Medical Center of RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно­-исследовательский институт кардиологии, Томский национальный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук; ФГБОУ ВО Сибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России.</aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tomsk National Research Medical Center of RAS;  Siberian State Medical University.</aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно­-исследовательский институт кардиологии, Томский национальный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук; ФГБОУ ВО Томский государственный университет систем управления и радиоэлектроники.</aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tomsk National Research Medical Center of RAS;Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics.</aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панфилов Д.С., Козлов Б.Н., Затолокин В.В., Пономаренко И.В., Ходашинский И.А., Шипулин В.М., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панфилов Д.С., Козлов Б.Н., Затолокин В.В., Пономаренко И.В., Ходашинский И.А., Шипулин В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Panfilov D.C., Kozlov B.N., Zatolokin V.V., Ponomarenko I.V., Khodashinsky I.A., Shipulin V.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2650">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2650</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка эффективности предлагаемого протокола профилактики геморрагических осложнений в раннем послеоперационном периоде.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В период с 2008 по 2017 год прооперировано 166 пациентов с патологией грудной аорты. Пациенты были разделены на 2 сопоставимые группы: 1 группа – пациенты с реконструированной дугой аорты по типу «Hemiarch» (группа «полудуга», n=90), 2 группа – пациенты с полностью реконструированной дугой аорты (группа «дуга», n=76). Все операции выполняли в условиях искусственного кровообращения, циркуляторного ареста с умеренной гипотермией (25-280С) и унилатеральной антеградной перфузией головного мозга через брахиоцефальный ствол.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Реконструкции грудной аорты у пациентов группы «полудуга» сопровождались достоверно меньшим временем искусственного кровообращения (p=0,027), периодом сердечного ареста (p=0,012), длительностью циркуляторного ареста (p=0,019), продолжительностью антеградной перфузии головного мозга (p=0,021). Объем отделяемого по дренажам составил 350 [192;506] мл и 400 [250;723] мл в группах «полудуга» и «дуга», соответственно (p=0,729). У пациентов группы «дуга» чаще требовалась трансфузия эритроцитарной массы (p=0,003), свежезамороженной плазмы (p=0,0006), тромбоконцентрата (p=0,002) относительно пациентов группы «полудуга». При этом, частота кровотечений, потребовавших выполнения реоперации, была сопоставима в обеих группах (5,6 % против 5,3 %, р=0,969). 30-дневная летальность также не имела статистически достоверных различий у пациентов групп «полудуга» и «дуга» (3,3 % против 9,2 %, p=0,119).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Частота геморрагических осложнений, потребовавших реоперации у пациентов с полностью или частично реконструированной дугой аорты, не имеет достоверных различий при использовании протокола профилактики геморрагических осложнений, что позволяет обеспечить приемлемую частоту эпизодов кровотечения и ассоциированных с ними реопераций в раннем послеоперационном периоде.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the efficiency of guideline for the prevention of hemorrhagic complications in the early postoperative period.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. In the period from 2008 to 2017, 166 patients with pathology of the thoracic aorta were operated. The patients were divided into 2 comparable groups: group 1 — patients with reconstructed aortic arch of the type “Hemiarch” (group “hemiarch”, n=90), group 2 — patients with fully reconstructed aortic arch (group “arch”, n=76). All operations were performed with artificial blood circulation, circulatory arrest with moderate hypothermia (25­28° C) and unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion through the brachiocephalic trunk.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The reconstructions of the thoracic aorta in patients of the “hemiarch” group were accompanied by significantly less period of artificial blood circulation (p=0,027), cardiac arrest period (p=0,012), duration of circulatory arrest (p=0,019), and duration of antegrade brain perfusion (p=0,021). The volume of discharge through the drainage was 350 [192;506] ml and 400 [250;723] ml in the “hemiarch” and “arch” groups, respectively (p=0,29). Patients of the “arch” group more often required transfusion of packed red cells (p=0,003), fresh frozen plasma (p=0,0006), platelet concentrate (p=0,002) in comparison with patients of the “hemiarch” group. At the same time, the frequency of bleeding requiring reoperation was comparable in both groups (5,6% versus 5,3%, p=0,969). The 30­day mortality also had no statistically significant differences in patients of the “hemiarch” and “arch” groups (3,3% versus 9,2%, p=0,119).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The frequency of hemorrhagic complications requiring reoperation in patients with a fully or partially reconstructed aortic arch does not have significant differences when using the guideline for preventing of hemorrhagic complications, which makes it possible to provide acceptable frequency of bleeding episodes and reoperations in the early postoperative period.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дуга аорты</kwd><kwd>геморрагические осложнения</kwd><kwd>аневризма аорты</kwd><kwd>расслоение аорты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aortic arch</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic complications</kwd><kwd>aortic aneurysm</kwd><kwd>aortic dissection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whitson BA, Huddleston SJ, Savik K, et al. Bloodless cardiac surgery is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality. Card Surg 2007; 22: 373-378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whitson BA, Huddleston SJ, Savik K, et al. Bloodless cardiac surgery is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality. Card Surg 2007; 22: 373-378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zindovic I, Sjogren О, Bjursten Р, et al. Predictors and impact of massive bleeding in acute type A aortic dissection. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2017; 24: 498–505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zindovic I, Sjogren О, Bjursten Р, et al. Predictors and impact of massive bleeding in acute type A aortic dissection. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2017; 24: 498–505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma W-G, Ziganshin BA, Guo C-F, et al. Does BioGlue contribute to anastomotic pseudoaneurysm after thoracic aortic surgery? J Thorac Dis. 2017; 9(8): 2491-2497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma W-G, Ziganshin BA, Guo C-F, et al. Does BioGlue contribute to anastomotic pseudoaneurysm after thoracic aortic surgery? J Thorac Dis. 2017; 9(8): 2491-2497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ranucci M, Bozzetti G, Ditta A, et al. Surgical reexploration after cardiac operations: why a worse outcome? Ann Thorac Surg. 2008; 86: 1557–1562.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ranucci M, Bozzetti G, Ditta A, et al. Surgical reexploration after cardiac operations: why a worse outcome? Ann Thorac Surg. 2008; 86: 1557–1562.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y, Han L, Li J, et al. Consumption coagulopathy in acute aortic dissection: principles of management. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2017; 12: 50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y, Han L, Li J, et al. Consumption coagulopathy in acute aortic dissection: principles of management. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2017; 12: 50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Poucke S, Stevens K, Marcus AE, et al. Hypothermia: effects on platelet function and Hemostasis. Thrombosis Journal. 2014; 12: 31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Poucke S, Stevens K, Marcus AE, et al. Hypothermia: effects on platelet function and Hemostasis. Thrombosis Journal. 2014; 12: 31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frojd V, Jeppsson A. Reexploration for bleeding and its association with mortality after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016; 102(1): 109-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frojd V, Jeppsson A. Reexploration for bleeding and its association with mortality after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016; 102(1): 109-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов Б.Н., Панфилов Д.С., Кузнецов М.С., и др. Антеградная унилатеральная перфузия головного мозга через брахиоцефальный ствол при операциях на дуге аорты. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2016; 22(1): 195-197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov BN, Panfilov DS, Kuznetsov MS, et al. Antegrade unilateral perfusion of the brain through the brachiocephalic trunk during operations on the aortic arch. Angiology and vascular surgery. 2016; 22 (1): 195-197. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подоксенов Ю.К., Свирко Ю.С., Шипулин В.М. Способ предоперационной заготовки аутокрови у кардиохирургических больных. Патология кровообращения и кардиохирургия. 2006; 1: 36–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podoksenov Yu.K., Svirko Yu.S., Shipulin V.М. Method of preoperative preparation of autoblood in cardiosurgical patients. Pathology of blood circulation and cardiosurgery. 2006; 1: 36-39. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: Document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014; 35(41): 2873-2926.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: Document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014; 35(41): 2873-2926.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keenan JE, Wang H, Gulack BC, et al. Does moderate hypothermia really carry less bleeding risk than deep hypothermia for circulatory arrest? A propensity-matched comparison in hemiarch replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016; 152(6): 1559-1569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keenan JE, Wang H, Gulack BC, et al. Does moderate hypothermia really carry less bleeding risk than deep hypothermia for circulatory arrest? A propensity-matched comparison in hemiarch replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016; 152(6): 1559-1569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leshnower BG, Thourani VH, Halkos ME, et al. Moderate versus deep hypothermia with unilateral selective antegrade cerebral perfusion for acute type A dissection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015; 100(5): 1563-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leshnower BG, Thourani VH, Halkos ME, et al. Moderate versus deep hypothermia with unilateral selective antegrade cerebral perfusion for acute type A dissection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015; 100(5): 1563-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Girardi LN, Shavladze N, Sedrakyan A, et al. Safety and efficacy of retrograde cerebral perfusion as an adjunct for cerebral protection during surgery on the aortic arch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014; 148: 2927-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Girardi LN, Shavladze N, Sedrakyan A, et al. Safety and efficacy of retrograde cerebral perfusion as an adjunct for cerebral protection during surgery on the aortic arch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014; 148: 2927-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатьев И.М., Моисеев С.В. Применение препарата тахокомб в сердечно-сосудистой хирургии. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2017; 23(3): 173-176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignatiev IM, Moiseyev S.V. The use of tachocomb in cardiovascular surgery. Angiology and vascular surgery. 2017; 23 (3): 173-176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith D, Grossi EA, Balsam LB, et al. The impact of a blood conservation program in complex aortic surgery. Aorta. 2013; 1(4): 219–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith D, Grossi EA, Balsam LB, et al. The impact of a blood conservation program in complex aortic surgery. Aorta. 2013; 1(4): 219–226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun P, Ji B, Sun Y, et al. Effects of retrograde autologous priming on blood transfusion and clinical outcomes in adults: a meta-analysis. Perfusion. 2013; 28(3): 238–243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun P, Ji B, Sun Y, et al. Effects of retrograde autologous priming on blood transfusion and clinical outcomes in adults: a meta-analysis. Perfusion. 2013; 28(3): 238–243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хубулава Г.Г., Марченко С.П., Дубова Е.В., и др. Роль модифицированной ультрафильтрации в уменьшении системных проявлений воспаления в кардиохирургии. Педиатр. 2016; 7(1): 106–110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khubulava GG, Marchenko SP, Dubova EV, et al. The role of modified ultrafiltration in reducing the systemic manifestation of inflammation in cardiac surgery. Pediatrician. 2016; 7 (1): 106-110. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шипулин В.М., Подоксенов Ю.К., Свирко Ю.С. Кровесбережение в кардиохирургии. – Томск: STT, 2010 с. 160</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shipulin VM, Podoksenov Yu.K., Svirko Yu.S. Blood-saving in cardiosurgery. - Tomsk: STT, 2010 p. 160. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohn LH. Cardiac surgery in the adult. - The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2008. – p. 1704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohn LH. Cardiac surgery in the adult. - The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2008. – p. 1704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Surgenor SD, Kramer RS, Olmstead EM, et al. The association of perioperative red blood cell transfusions and decreased long-term survival after cardiac surgery. Anesthesia &amp; analgesia. 2009; 108(6): 1741-1746.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surgenor SD, Kramer RS, Olmstead EM, et al. The association of perioperative red blood cell transfusions and decreased long-term survival after cardiac surgery. Anesthesia &amp; analgesia. 2009; 108(6): 1741-1746.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
