<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">russjcardiol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Cardiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-4071</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1560-4071-2017-6-167-172</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">russjcardiol-1042</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РОЛЬ ДЕФИЦИТА МАГНИЯ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN PATHOGENESIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4428-022X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майлян</surname><given-names>Д. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maylian</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ассистент кафедры внутренних болезней, SPIN-код: 3757-9505</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">majlyan@narod.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-4479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломиец</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomiets</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. кафедрой внутренних болезней, д.м.н., профессор, SPIN-код: 1971-0071</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvkolomiyets@i.ua</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Майлян Д.Э., Коломиец В.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Майлян Д.Э., Коломиец В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maylian D.E., Kolomiets V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1042">https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1042</self-uri><abstract/><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review focuses on the influence of magnesium deficiency on a variety of cardiovascular pathogenetic chains. The issues especially considered are vessel tone regulation, endothelial function, atherogenesis and atherothrombosis, as the functioning of cardiac conduction system. These mechanisms, disordered, lead to initiation and progression of the disorders as essential hypertension, chronic heart failure and coronary heart disease. Also, the data systematized, on the role of magnesium homeostasis correction for prevention and treatment of these pathologies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дефицит магния</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>патогенез.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnesium deficiency</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russia in figures. 2016: Statistical handbook. Moscow: Rosstat, 2016. p. 545. Russian (Россия в цифрах. 2016: Краткий статистический сборник. Москва: Росстат, 2016. 545 c.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russia in figures. 2016: Statistical handbook. Moscow: Rosstat, 2016. p. 545. Russian (Россия в цифрах. 2016: Краткий статистический сборник. Москва: Росстат, 2016. 545 c.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Starostin I.V. Place of Magnesium Salts in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiology 2012; 52(8): 83-8. Russian (Старостин И.В. Место магния в терапии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Кардиология 2012; 52(8): 83-8).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Starostin I.V. Place of Magnesium Salts in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiology 2012; 52(8): 83-8. Russian (Старостин И.В. Место магния в терапии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Кардиология 2012; 52(8): 83-8).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients 2015; 7(9): 8199–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients 2015; 7(9): 8199–226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen FH, Johnson LA. Data from Controlled Metabolic Ward Studies Provide Guidance for the Determination of Status Indicators and Dietary Requirements for Magnesium. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016; published online 24 Oct 2016. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12011-016-0873-2. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0873-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen FH, Johnson LA. Data from Controlled Metabolic Ward Studies Provide Guidance for the Determination of Status Indicators and Dietary Requirements for Magnesium. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016; published online 24 Oct 2016. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12011-016-0873-2. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0873-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jahnen-Dechent J, Ketteler M. Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J 2012; 5: 3–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jahnen-Dechent J, Ketteler M. Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J 2012; 5: 3–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gröber U. Magnesium. In Micronutrients: Metabolic Tuning-Prevention-Therapy, 1st ed. Stuttgart, Germany: MedPharm Scientific Publishers, 2009: 159-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gröber U. Magnesium. In Micronutrients: Metabolic Tuning-Prevention-Therapy, 1st ed. Stuttgart, Germany: MedPharm Scientific Publishers, 2009: 159-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen L. Physiologic assessment of magnesium status in humans: a combination of load retention and renal excretion. IMAJ 2006; 2: 938-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen L. Physiologic assessment of magnesium status in humans: a combination of load retention and renal excretion. IMAJ 2006; 2: 938-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gröber U. Interactions between drugs and micronutrients. Med Monatsschr Pharm 2006; 29: 26–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gröber U. Interactions between drugs and micronutrients. Med Monatsschr Pharm 2006; 29: 26–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Yudina NV et al. Magnesium Deficiency and Dysregulation of Vascular Tone. Cardiology 2014; 7: 66-72. Russian (Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Юдина Н.В. и др. Дефицит магния и нарушения регуляции тонуса сосудов. Кардиология. 2014; 7: 66-72).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Yudina NV et al. Magnesium Deficiency and Dysregulation of Vascular Tone. Cardiology 2014; 7: 66-72. Russian (Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Юдина Н.В. и др. Дефицит магния и нарушения регуляции тонуса сосудов. Кардиология. 2014; 7: 66-72).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fatih Kircelli, Mirjam E. Peter, Ebru Sevinc Ok, et al. Magnesium reduces calcification in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27(2): 514–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fatih Kircelli, Mirjam E. Peter, Ebru Sevinc Ok, et al. Magnesium reduces calcification in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27(2): 514–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montes AO, Guerrero F, Martinez-Moreno JM et al. Magnesium Inhibits Wnt/β-Catenin Activity and Reverses the Osteogenic Transformation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2014; 9(2): e89525.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montes AO, Guerrero F, Martinez-Moreno JM et al. Magnesium Inhibits Wnt/β-Catenin Activity and Reverses the Osteogenic Transformation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2014; 9(2): e89525.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monalisa Das, Patralekha Ray Chaudhuri, Badal C. Mondal, Sukumar Mitra, Debasmita Bandyopadhyay, Sushobhan Pramanik Assessment of serum magnesium levels and its outcome in neonates of eclamptic mothers treated with low-dose magnesium sulfate regimen Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 47(5): 502–508.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monalisa Das, Patralekha Ray Chaudhuri, Badal C. Mondal, Sukumar Mitra, Debasmita Bandyopadhyay, Sushobhan Pramanik Assessment of serum magnesium levels and its outcome in neonates of eclamptic mothers treated with low-dose magnesium sulfate regimen Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 47(5): 502–508.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shechter M, Bairey Merz CN, Stuehlinger HG et al. Oral magnesium supplementation improves exercise duration and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 517-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shechter M, Bairey Merz CN, Stuehlinger HG et al. Oral magnesium supplementation improves exercise duration and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 517-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pokan R, Hofmann P, von Duvillard SP et al. Oral magnesium therapy, exercise heart rate, exercise tolerance, and myocardial function in coronary artery disease patients. Br J Sports Med. 2006; 40: 773-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokan R, Hofmann P, von Duvillard SP et al. Oral magnesium therapy, exercise heart rate, exercise tolerance, and myocardial function in coronary artery disease patients. Br J Sports Med. 2006; 40: 773-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lerman A, Zeiher AM. Endothelial function cardiac events. Circulation 2005; 111: 363-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lerman A, Zeiher AM. Endothelial function cardiac events. Circulation 2005; 111: 363-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shechter M, Sherer Y. Endothelial dysfunction: a crystal ball prediction for enhanced cardiovascular risk? Isr Med Assoc J 2003; 5: 736-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shechter M, Sherer Y. Endothelial dysfunction: a crystal ball prediction for enhanced cardiovascular risk? Isr Med Assoc J 2003; 5: 736-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paravicini TM, Yogi A, Mazur A, Touyz RM. Dysregulation of vascular TRPM7 and annexin-1 is associated with endothelial dysfunction in inherited hypomagnesemia. Hypertension 2009; 53: 423-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paravicini TM, Yogi A, Mazur A, Touyz RM. Dysregulation of vascular TRPM7 and annexin-1 is associated with endothelial dysfunction in inherited hypomagnesemia. Hypertension 2009; 53: 423-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song Y, Li TY, van Dam RM, et al. Magnesium intake and plasma concentrations of markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 85: 1068-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song Y, Li TY, van Dam RM, et al. Magnesium intake and plasma concentrations of markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 85: 1068-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chacko SA, Song Y, Nathan L et al. Relations of dietary magnesium intake to biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in an ethnically diverse cohort of postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 304-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chacko SA, Song Y, Nathan L et al. Relations of dietary magnesium intake to biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in an ethnically diverse cohort of postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 304-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kieboom BC, Niemeijer MN, Leening MG et al. Hoorn serum magnesium and the risk of death from coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5(1): e002707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kieboom BC, Niemeijer MN, Leening MG et al. Hoorn serum magnesium and the risk of death from coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5(1): e002707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amighi J, Sabeti S, Schlager O et al. Low serum magnesium predicts neurological events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. Stroke 2004; 35: 22-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amighi J, Sabeti S, Schlager O et al. Low serum magnesium predicts neurological events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. Stroke 2004; 35: 22-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pachikian BD, Neyrinck AM, Deldicque L et al. Changes in intestinal bifidobacteria levels are associated with the inflammatory response in magnesium-deficient mice. J Nutr 2010; 140: 509-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pachikian BD, Neyrinck AM, Deldicque L et al. Changes in intestinal bifidobacteria levels are associated with the inflammatory response in magnesium-deficient mice. J Nutr 2010; 140: 509-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin CY, Tsai PS, Hung YC, Huang CJ. L-type calciumchannels are involved in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium sulphate. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104: 44-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin CY, Tsai PS, Hung YC, Huang CJ. L-type calciumchannels are involved in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium sulphate. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104: 44-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King DE. Inflammation and elevation of C-reactive protein: does magnesium play a key role? Magnes Res 2009; 22: 57-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King DE. Inflammation and elevation of C-reactive protein: does magnesium play a key role? Magnes Res 2009; 22: 57-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kieboom BC, Niemeijer MN, Leening MG et al. Hoorn Inadequate dietary magnesium intake increases atherosclerotic plaque development in rabbits. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5(1): e002707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kieboom BC, Niemeijer MN, Leening MG et al. Hoorn Inadequate dietary magnesium intake increases atherosclerotic plaque development in rabbits. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5(1): e002707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu ZY, Yang FL, Hsu HW, Lu YF. Drinking deep seawater decreases serum total and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic subjects. J Med Food 2012; 15(6): 535–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu ZY, Yang FL, Hsu HW, Lu YF. Drinking deep seawater decreases serum total and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic subjects. J Med Food 2012; 15(6): 535–41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y, Wang X, Shen Z et al. Effects of dietary components on high-density lipoprotein measures in a cohort of 1,566 participants. Lipids Health Dis. 2015; 20: 14-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y, Wang X, Shen Z et al. Effects of dietary components on high-density lipoprotein measures in a cohort of 1,566 participants. Lipids Health Dis. 2015; 20: 14-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, et al. International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 257-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, et al. International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 257-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rukshin V, Shah PK, Cercek B et al. Comparative antithrombotic effects of magnesium sulfate and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors tirofiban and eptifibatide in a canine model of stent thrombosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 1970-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukshin V, Shah PK, Cercek B et al. Comparative antithrombotic effects of magnesium sulfate and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors tirofiban and eptifibatide in a canine model of stent thrombosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 1970-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An G, Du Z, Meng X et al. Association between low serum magnesium level and major adverse cardiac events in patients treated with drug-eluting stents for acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2014; 9(6): e98971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An G, Du Z, Meng X et al. Association between low serum magnesium level and major adverse cardiac events in patients treated with drug-eluting stents for acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2014; 9(6): e98971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vierling W, Liebscher DH, Micke O et al. Magnesium deficiency and therapy in cardiac arrhythmias: Recommendations of the German Society for Magnesium Research. Deutsch. Med. Wochenschr 2013; 138: 1165–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vierling W, Liebscher DH, Micke O et al. Magnesium deficiency and therapy in cardiac arrhythmias: Recommendations of the German Society for Magnesium Research. Deutsch. Med. Wochenschr 2013; 138: 1165–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elin RJ. Assessment of magnesium status for diagnosis and therapy. Magnes Res 2010; 23: 194–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elin RJ. Assessment of magnesium status for diagnosis and therapy. Magnes Res 2010; 23: 194–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao X, Peng L, Adhikari CM et al. Spironolactone reduced arrhythmia and maintained magnesium homeostasis in patients with congestive heart failure. J Card Fail 2007; 13: 170–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao X, Peng L, Adhikari CM et al. Spironolactone reduced arrhythmia and maintained magnesium homeostasis in patients with congestive heart failure. J Card Fail 2007; 13: 170–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Povoroznyuk V.V., Snezhitskiy V.A., Yankouskaya L.V. et al. Extraskeletal effects of vitamin D: role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 2015; 2(50): 6-15. Russian (Поворознюк В.В., Снежицкий В.А., Янковская Л.В. и др. Значение витамина D в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета 2015; 2(50): 6-15.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Povoroznyuk V.V., Snezhitskiy V.A., Yankouskaya L.V. et al. Extraskeletal effects of vitamin D: role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 2015; 2(50): 6-15. Russian (Поворознюк В.В., Снежицкий В.А., Янковская Л.В. и др. Значение витамина D в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета 2015; 2(50): 6-15.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosanoff А, Dai Qi, Shapses SA Essential Nutrient Interactions: Does Low or Suboptimal Magnesium Status Interact with Vitamin D and/or Calcium Status? American Society for Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2016; 7: 25–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosanoff А, Dai Qi, Shapses SA Essential Nutrient Interactions: Does Low or Suboptimal Magnesium Status Interact with Vitamin D and/or Calcium Status? American Society for Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2016; 7: 25–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah NC, Shah JG, Li Z et al. Short-term magnesium deficiency downregulates telomerase, upregulates neutral sphingomyelinase and induces oxidative DNA damage in cardiovascular tissues: relevance to atherogenesis, cardiovascular diseases and aging. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2014; 7: 497–514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah NC, Shah JG, Li Z et al. Short-term magnesium deficiency downregulates telomerase, upregulates neutral sphingomyelinase and induces oxidative DNA damage in cardiovascular tissues: relevance to atherogenesis, cardiovascular diseases and aging. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2014; 7: 497–514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shechter M, Shechter A. Magnesium and myocardial infarction. Clin Calcium 2005; 11: 111-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shechter M, Shechter A. Magnesium and myocardial infarction. Clin Calcium 2005; 11: 111-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolomiyets V.V., Mailian D.E., Tretyak L.A. et al. Influence of renal calcium and magnesium egestion optimization on diuretics antihypertensive and cardioprotective properties. Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin Medicine Pharmacy 2015; 10(207): 63-9. Russian (Коломиец В.В., Майлян Д.Э., Третяк Л.А. и др. Влияние оптимизации почечной экскреции кальция и магния на антигипертензивные и кардиопротекторные свойства диуретиков. Научные ведомости Белгородского государственного университета. Серия: Медицина. Фармация 2015; 10(207): 63-9).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolomiyets V.V., Mailian D.E., Tretyak L.A. et al. Influence of renal calcium and magnesium egestion optimization on diuretics antihypertensive and cardioprotective properties. Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin Medicine Pharmacy 2015; 10(207): 63-9. Russian (Коломиец В.В., Майлян Д.Э., Третяк Л.А. и др. Влияние оптимизации почечной экскреции кальция и магния на антигипертензивные и кардиопротекторные свойства диуретиков. Научные ведомости Белгородского государственного университета. Серия: Медицина. Фармация 2015; 10(207): 63-9).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamopoulos C, Pitt B, Sui X et al. Low serum magnesium and cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure: A propensitymatched study. Intern J Cardio 2009; 136: 270-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamopoulos C, Pitt B, Sui X et al. Low serum magnesium and cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure: A propensitymatched study. Intern J Cardio 2009; 136: 270-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stepura OB, Martynow AI. Magnesium orotate in severe congestive heart failure (MACH). Intern J Cardiol 2009; 131: 293-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepura OB, Martynow AI. Magnesium orotate in severe congestive heart failure (MACH). Intern J Cardiol 2009; 131: 293-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kisters K, Gremmler B, Gröber U. Natriuretic peptides, hypertension, heart insufficiency and magnesium. Adv Tech Biol Med 2015; 3: 134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kisters K, Gremmler B, Gröber U. Natriuretic peptides, hypertension, heart insufficiency and magnesium. Adv Tech Biol Med 2015; 3: 134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kisters K, Gremmler B, Gröber U. Magnesium deficiency in hypertensive heart disease. J Hypertens 2015; 33: e273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kisters K, Gremmler B, Gröber U. Magnesium deficiency in hypertensive heart disease. J Hypertens 2015; 33: e273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
